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Basic Nutrition > LESSON 10: PROTEINS > Flashcards

LESSON 10: PROTEINS Flashcards

1
Q

A compounds of CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN AND NITROGEN arranged into amino acids linked in a chain; 20 different amino acids,

A

PROTEINS

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2
Q

Has the same basic structure: a central carbon atom with a hydrogen (H) group, an amino group (NH2), and an acid group (COOH) attached to it

A

AMINO ACID

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3
Q

3 According to Essentiality

A
  • ESSENTIAL AA
  • SEMI-ESSENTIAL AA
  • NONESSENTIAL AA
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4
Q

That the body cannot make at all or cannot make in sufficient quantity to meet its needs

Ex: Isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine

A

essential aa

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5
Q

Are those whose rate of synthesis in the body is inadequate to support growth and are therefore needed by young animals

Ex: Arginine, histidine

A

SEMI-ESSENTIAL

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6
Q

Can be synthesized in the body in sufficient amounts

EX: Alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cystine, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine,
hydroxyproline, proline, serine, tyrosine

A

NONESSENTIAL AA

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7
Q

Found in short supply relative to need

A

“Limiting” Amino Acids

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8
Q

Have one amino group and carboxyl group

A

Neutral AA

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9
Q

Have additional NH2 group attached

A

Basic AA

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10
Q

Have additional COOH group attached

A

Acidic AA

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11
Q

Is the amino nitrogen that forms part of a ring structure

A

Imino acids

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12
Q

Give the 3 types of Neutral AA

A
  • Aliphatic AA
  • Aromatic AA
  • Sulfur-containing AA
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13
Q

Have straight or branched chains of carbon atoms & other substituents

A

Aliphatic AA

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14
Q

Amino acids that has aromatic rings attached

A

Aromatic AA

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15
Q

Amino acid that contains sulfur as a substituent

A

Sulfur-containing AA

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16
Q

Amino acid that can be catabolized or broken down to form glucose or glycogen

A

Glucogenic AA

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17
Q

Amino acid that can be catabolized to form ketone bodies

A

Ketogenic AA

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18
Q

According to Shape of Protein
- Coiled or ellipsoidal-shaped
- Insulin, albumin, globulin, etc.

A

Globular

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19
Q

According to Shape of Protein
- Helical peptide chains
- Elastin, fibrin, collagen, etc.

A

Fibrous

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20
Q

Some AMINO ACIDS can be converted to GLUCOSE via GLUCONEOGENESIS

TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

21
Q

✓ sulfur-containing amino acid formed from methionine;
✓ abundant in human milk;
✓ needed for retinal and visual function, brain development and stability of
central nervous system activity

A

Taurine

22
Q

✓ Formed from methionine & lysine
✓ Converts acyl compounds (products of fat metabolism) to less toxic forms and removes them from the cell

A

Carnitine

23
Q

Exerts oncotic pressure for water balance

A

ALBUMIN

24
Q

Transports lipids

A

LIPOPROTEINS

25
Q

Involved in immune response

A

GLOBULINS

26
Q

Necessary for blood clotting

A

Fibrinogen

27
Q

For muscle contraction

A

ACTIN AND MYOSIN

28
Q

from dietary protein

(EXOGENOUS OR ENDOGENOUS)

A

EXOGENOUS

29
Q

from tissue breakdown

( EXOGENOUS OR ENDOGENOUS)

A

ENDOGENOUS

30
Q

Involves the breakdown of AA into their component parts e.g. formation of glucose or KB whenever necessary

A

Catabolism

31
Q

Recommended intake OF PROTEIN

A

10-15% OF TER

32
Q

Give the 3 classification of AMINO ACID

A

ACCORDING TO ESSENTIALITY
ACCORDING TO CHEMICAL PROPERTY
ACCORDING TO METABOLISM

33
Q

Give the ACCORDING TO ESSENTIALITY of Amino Acid

A
  • Essential AA (body cannot make)
  • Semi-essential AA (body is inadequate to support growth and needed by young animals)
  • Non-essential AA ( synthesized in the body)
34
Q

Give the ACCORDING TO CHEMICAL PROPERTY of Amino Acid

A
  • Neutral AA (one amino group and carboxyl group)
  • Basic AA (additional NH2)
  • Acidic AA (additional COOH)
  • Imino acids (amino nitrogen that forms part of a ring structure)
35
Q

Give the 3 types of Neutral Amino Acid

A
  • Aliphatic Amino Acid (straight or branched chains of carbon atoms)
  • Aromatic Amino Acid (have aromatic rings attached)
  • Sulfur-containing Amino Acid (Contain sulfur)
36
Q

Give the ACCORDING TO METABOLISM of Amino Acid

A
  • Glucogenic Amino Acid (catabolized or broken down)
  • Ketogenic Amino Acid (can be catabolized to form ketone bodies)
  • Both ketogenic and glucogenic AA (Isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tyrptophan)
37
Q

Give the three Classification of Proteins

A
  • According to physicochemical properties
  • According to Shape
  • According to AA Content
38
Q

METABOLISM
- Amino acids pass through PORTAL VEIN into LIVER → maintains normal levels of amino acid nitrogen in the blood (4-6 mg/dL)

TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

39
Q

One gram nitrogen = _____ dietary protein

A

6.25g

40
Q

FOOD SOURCES of AA and Proteins

A

ANIMAL AND PLANT SOURCES

41
Q

Protein Deficiency leads to (Kwashiorkor or Marasmus) and what age?

A

Kwashiorkor (1-6 years old)

42
Q

At nitrogen equilibrium: N ____ = N_____

A

INTAKE
OUTPUT

43
Q

At positive N balance: N intake (>,<) N output

A
  • N intake > N output
  • Growth, pregnancy, rehabilitation from illness
44
Q

At negative N balance: N intake (>, <) N output

A
  • N intake < N output
  • Illness, malnutrition
45
Q

Involves the incorporation of AA in the synthesis of tissue proteins

A

Anabolism

46
Q

Give the three physicochemical properties of proteins

A
  • Simple (Degraded to AA upon hydrolysis)
  • Compound/ conjugated (simple proteins combined with a nonprotein)
  • Derived (substances resulting from decomposition of simple & conjugated proteins)
47
Q

Give the two shape of proteins

A
  • Globular (Coiled or ellipsoidal-shaped)
  • Fibrous (helical peptide chains)
48
Q

Give the three According to AA Content of proteins

A
  • Complete (contains all the EAA)
  • Partially Complete (contains all the EAA but in limited amounts to support growth)
  • Incomplete (lacks one or more EAA)

Basic Nutrition (10 decks)

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