Lesson 9 - Blood Collection in Special Populations Flashcards

1
Q

What is the abbreviation for ER or ED?

A

Emergency room/department

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2
Q

ICU

A

Intensive Care Unit

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3
Q

LTC

A

Long-Term Care

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4
Q

AV

A

Arteriovenous

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5
Q

CVC

A

Central Venous Catheter

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6
Q

IV

A

Intravenous

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7
Q

PICC

A

Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter

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8
Q

VAD

A

Vascular Access Device

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9
Q

PKU

A

Phenylketonuria

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10
Q

STAT

A

Immediately or very short turnaround time

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11
Q

TLC

A

Tender loving care

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12
Q

What is the total blood volume of the average person?

A

5L of blood

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13
Q

What can cause latrogenic anemia in infants?

A

Repeated blood draws

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14
Q

Fill in the blank.
Children and infants should never have more than ___ percent of their total blood volume in 24 hours, but can have up to ____ percent.

A

No more than 5% but up to 3%

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15
Q

How can you determine the TBV (total blood volume) of an infant?

A

Calculate:
1. convert wg from lbs to kg,
2. use kg wg and multiply by 100
3. you have your total blood volume

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16
Q

With pediatric patients, you must always speak in a warm/calming tone and prep your equipment outside of the room to lessen the anxiety of the child. True or false?

A

True, always make the child as comfortable as possible. Ex: create distractions and ask what bandage they like.)

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17
Q

What must you never say to a patient before a blood draw?

A

“It won’t hurt”.

Always say “you might feel a small pinch.”

18
Q

Define neonatal bilirubin

A

A buildup of bilirubin caused by build up in an infant caused by the liver not being able to filter bilirubin out of the blood. Can cause jaundice and brain damage

19
Q

Define neonatal screening

A

A series of tests used to detect any inherited metabolic disorders

20
Q

True or false?
During a neonatal screening you must:
1. have the infant lying in the prone position
2. use the capillary method to puncture
3. only saturate the outsides of the circles on the testing sheet
4. let dry for 3-4 hours on a flat surface

A

False,
During a neonatal screening you must:
1. have the infant lying in the SUPINE position
2. use the HEEL STICK method to puncture
3. fully saturate the INSIDES of the circles on the testing sheet w/o touching the circles
4. let dry for 3-4 hours on a flat surface

21
Q

What vein & equipment are used during a infant venous draw?
Hint: there are 4 items NO TOURNIQUET

A

A 23G needle, syringe, blood transfer device, and the dorsal hand veins

22
Q

Is it okay to use bandages on small children? Why or why not?

A

No, the bandage can become a choking hazard in small. children. Instead use gauze to stop the bleeding.

23
Q

Teeth rotting, skin , bruising, longer healing time, and loose skin changes can cause difficulty for the phlebotomist while drawing.
True or false?

A

False, everything except teeth rotting can cause difficulty drawing on geriatric patients.

24
Q

What is a geriatric patient?

A

An elderly or older patient. Typically between 55 and up

25
Q

Hoe much more assistance do you think a geriatric patient may need during an appointment?

A

Hearing impairments. We may need to speak louder and clearer.

26
Q

For whom are these guidelines typically used for?
Apply pressure longer, give more tension when anchoring the vein for puncture, use the smallest needle or a butterfly, and look for other places to draw from than the antecubital space.

A

For geriatric patients

27
Q

What is a VAD?

A

Vascular Access Device

28
Q

What are these?
-Central Venous Catheter (CVC)
-Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC)
-IV (intravenous)

A

Other types of VADs (vascular access devices)

29
Q

Where is the CVC located when used?

A

The chest area

30
Q

Where is the PICC located when used?

A

The antecubital space

31
Q

These steps are for a phlebotomist drawing on what type of patient?

-use other arm if possible
-if not possible, ask a nurse to remove the IV 15 minutes prior to draw
-use a different vein that the IV was in
-discard first sample from heparin use
-note that IV arm was drawn form
-ask nurse to restart IV

A

A patient that has an IV in their arm prior to a blood draw

32
Q

For an infant that weighs 3 kg, which represents the preferred total blood that can be drawn in a 24-hour period?

Hint: find the TBV (x100), then multiply by the maximum % of blood to be drawn from an infant in a 24 hour period (3%) = __mL

A

3kg x 100 = 300
300 x 0.03 = 9mL

Therefore, no more than 9mL of blood can be drawn in a 24 hour time period from an infant weighing about 3kg

33
Q

If a phlebotomist is required to complete a heel stick to collect a specimen for bilirubin testing on an infant who is under the Bili-light, which of the following is required?
a. Shielding the blood sample from the light Correct
b. Using filter paper to collect the specimen
c. A scalp vein is used for venipuncture
d. All of the above

A

a. Shielding the blood sample from the light

34
Q

How should you use a filter paper when performing a neonatal screening?
A. Touch the paper to the skin
B. touch the blood to paper
C. do not touch thew paper at all

A

B. touch the blood to paper

35
Q

How should you convert 23lbs to kg?

A

2.3*2.2= 50.6 lbs

36
Q
A
37
Q
A
38
Q
A
38
Q
A
39
Q
A
40
Q
A