Lesson 8: Patterns of health, morbidity, and mortality

Question 1

Across the world, how much longer do women live than men?

Answer 1

• 5% longer

Question 2

Name 3 possible reasons why women might live longer:

Answer 2

1. women have 2x chromosomes- backup if one malfunctions
   - men= taller and bigger- more cells and thus, more likely for long term damage
   - ‘men take more risks’ ‘men abuse their bodies more’ e.g. Russian men are likely to die 13 years earlier than Russian women (heavy drinkers and smokers)

Question 3

Define communicable disease and give an example

Answer 3

• infectious diseases that spread from person to person e.g. malaria

Question 4

Define non-communicable disease and give an example

Answer 4

• medical conditions and diseases that are non-infectious e.g. lung cancer

Question 5

Name 3 countries in the world with the highest level of HIV/AIDS

Answer 5

1. India
2. USA
3. Kenya

Question 6

Where are TB rates the highest?

Answer 6

• African and South east asian countries

Question 7

Where is Malaria found? Why is it found here?

Answer 7

• found in lower latitudes where the climate is warmer where a certain type of mosquito is infected with a certain parasite

Question 8

While the highest prevalence of cancer is in developed countries, where do the most deaths occur? (two countries)

Answer 8

1. Mongolia
2. Kazakhstan

Question 9

Which cancers are most common in developed countries?

Answer 9

Breast cancer, lung cancer

Question 10

Which cancers are most common in less developed countries?

Answer 10

Liver cancer, stomach cancer, cervical cancer (often caused by alcohol issues)

Question 11

Where is diabetes most common? But, where are the most deaths?

Answer 11

most common= middle east (Oman, Saudi Arabia)
most deaths= Africa and South America

Question 12

Where are chronic respiration diseases most likely to lead to death? and name two examples

Answer 12

Most likely to lead to death in Africa and South East Asia
e.g. Asthma, COPD (Caused by poor air pollution)

Question 13

Define epidemiological transition:

Answer 13

changes in patterns of mortality and morbidity as a country experiences social and economic development

Question 14

Example of epidemiolocal transition in LICs

Answer 14

LICs- high infant and child mortality rates are caused by poor living standards and disease therefore causing more communicable disease

Question 15

Example of epidemiological transition in HICs

Answer 15

HICs have eradicated many factors that may cause communicable diseases (e.g. poor living standards, water quality sources etc) through education and increased affluence therefore they usually face degenerative diseases (to do with body ageing)