4 markers Flashcards
Outline the concept of Malthusian perspectives on population growth {4 marks}
2022
Malthus’ pessimistic view of population growth (1) argues that as the population grows exponentially and food is produced arithmetically, (1) the world will enter a crisis as resources are finite, meaning we will hit a ceiling where we can no longer access enough resources for the given population. (1) Therefore, he argues that we must do preventative checks on population growth to ensure we do not reach this point, for example limiting fertility rates across the world. (1)
+ Evidence to support his views can be found in the Sahel as the population is outstripping poverty, as regular families and conflicts have occurred.
Outline why salinisation is a problem for agriculture (2023) [4 marks}
Salinisation occurs where there is an excess of salt within soils, reducing agricultural productivity (1) Evaporation of moisture from the surface results in salts being drawn upwards by capillary action, concentrating salts in topsoil, affecting roots which are intolerant to salt. (1) This causes reduced yields and over time salinisation kills the crops (1) Salinisation inhibits osmosis and makes it difficult for plants to absorb soil water (1)
‘Outline characteristics of an agricultural system’ 2021 [4 marks]
Agricultural systems involve inputs, outputs and processes that are interrelated, impacting one another for produce. Inputs to the system may be physical or human including precipitation- acting as irrigation management- or capital, meaning seeds may be purchased to produce cash crops for TNCs for example. Outputs to the system may be final produce that is sold and therefore the profit farms make. Processes within the system occur as produce is being farmed such as harvesting, turning inputs (seeds) into output products (wheat for example). Some systems are particularly sensitive to environmental factors and relatively prone to the impact of natural environmental hazards, resulting in losses from the system.
+ could reference intensive vs extensive, commercial vs subsistence
‘Outline the relationship between the physical environment and health in a local area you have studied.’ 2020 [4 marks]
Bankside open trusts’ implementation of green spaces into Southwalk, London has caused both positive benefits for both mental and physical health. For example, increasing green spaces has influenced London to be the 3rd most green city, meaning the physical health of communities is improving as more outdoor activities occur such as community sports day events that occur in this area. Green spaces also provide carbon sinks by planting trees, improving physical health by reducing respiratory conditions such as asthma since air quality has improved. This also improves the mental health of both children and adults who can be increasingly physically active, a factor proven to reduce both anxiety and depression. Furthermore, the bankside open trust also employed vulnerable groups, such as the mentally ill, to provide them with financial and emotional support groups in the area, improving their mental health also.
