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CS100 > Lesson 8: Operating Systems: Managing, Coordinating, and Monitoring Resources > Flashcards

Lesson 8: Operating Systems: Managing, Coordinating, and Monitoring Resources Flashcards

1
Q

The software that runs a computer, including the operating system

A

System software

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2
Q

A set of programs that coordinates all the activities among computer or mobile device hardware

A

Operating system (OS)

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3
Q

An operating system is also called a ______

A

platform

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4
Q

On mobile devices, the operating system may reside on ________ in the device

A

firmware

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5
Q

Firmware consists of ____ chips or flash memory chips that store permanent instructions

A

ROM

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6
Q

A collective term for all the ways you interact with the device

A

Graphical user interface (GUI)

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7
Q

A small picture that represents a program, file, or hardware device

A

Icon

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8
Q

A graphic you click to execute commands you need to work with an app, such as on a toolbar, taskbar, or the ribbon

A

Button

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9
Q

A list of related items, including folders, applications, and commands

A

Menu

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10
Q

A list of additional commands associated with the selected command on a menu

A

Submenu

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11
Q

A list of frequently used commands that relate to an object

A

Shortcut menu

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12
Q

A box with controls that lets you tell the operating system how you want to complete a command

A

Dialog box

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13
Q

Dialog box includes:

A
  1. Option boxes
  2. Check boxes
  3. List boxes
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14
Q

Apps or programs that enable you to perform maintenance-type tasks related to managing the computer or device

A

Utilities

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15
Q

This type of OS does not always process tasks on a first-come, first-served basis.

A

Multiuser operating system

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16
Q

The components required to perform work, including the processor, RAM, storage space, and connected devices

A

Resources

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17
Q

The storage location that temporarily stores open apps and document data while a computer or device is on

A

RAM

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18
Q

Frequently used instructions and data are stored in a _______

A

cache

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19
Q

The operating system can allocate a portion of a storage medium, such as a hard disk, to become ____________ to function as additional RAM

A

virtual memory

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20
Q

This allows an operating system to temporarily store data on a storage medium until it can be “swapped” into RAM

A

Virtual memory

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21
Q

The amount of data and program instructions that can swap at a given time

A

Page

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22
Q

The technique of swapping items between memory and storage is called __________

A

paging

23
Q

When an operating system spends more of its time paging instead of executing apps, the whole system slows down and it is said to be ______

A

thrashing

24
Q

An area of memory that stores data and information waiting to be sent to an input or output device

A

Buffer

25
Q

Placing data into a buffer is called _______

A

spooling

26
Q

By sending data to a _________, the operating system frees up resources to perform other tasks while the data waits to be processed

A

buffer

27
Q

This type of OS allows only one program or app to run at a time

A

Single-tasking OS

28
Q

This type of OS allows two or more programs or apps to reside in memory at the same time

A

Multitasking OS

29
Q

The one in the _______ is the active program

A

foreground

30
Q

The other programs running but not in use are in the __________

A

background

31
Q

OS such as UNIX and Linux function as both desktop and server operating systems sometimes are called ___________

A

multipurpose operating systems

32
Q
  1. Windows
  2. macOS
  3. UNIX
  4. Linux
  5. Chrome OS
A

Desktop OS

33
Q
  1. Windows Server
  2. macOS Server
  3. UNIX
  4. Linux
A

Server OS

34
Q
  1. Google Android
  2. Apple iOS
  3. Windows (Mobile Edition)
A

Mobile OS

35
Q

An OS installed on a single computer is called a ________ OS or a desktop OS

A

personal computer (PC)

36
Q

Desktop OS are sometimes called _______ systems or client operating systems

A

stand-alone

37
Q

A multiuser operating system that controls a single, centralized server computer that supports many users on networked computers

A

Server operating system

38
Q

The practice of sharing computer resources, such as servers or storage devices, among computers and devices on a network

A

Virtualization

39
Q

Is focused on the needs of a mobile user and the capabilities of the device

A

Mobile operating system

40
Q

Programs that keep all or some of the code hidden, enabling developers to control and profit from the program they create

A

Closed source programs

41
Q

Programs that have no restrictions from the copyright holder regarding modification and redistribution

A

Open source programs

42
Q

A program that runs only in a specific type or make of computer or mobile device

A

Device-dependent program

43
Q

Privately owned and limited to a specific vendor or computer or device model

A

Proprietary software

44
Q

OS that recognize and work with applications written for an earlier version of the operating system (or platform)

A

Backward compatible

45
Q

An application may or may not be _____________, meaning it may or may not run on newer versions of an OS

A

upward compatible

46
Q

A collection of information stored on your computer, such as text document, spreadsheet, photo, and song

A

File

47
Q

Three or four letter sequence, preceded by a period, at the end of a file name that identifies its type of document

A

File extension

48
Q
  1. Microsoft Office: .docx (Word), ______ (Excel), .pptx (PowerPoint)
  2. Text file: .txt, ______
  3. Webpage: .htm or .html, .xml, ______ or .aspx, .css
  4. Graphics: .jpg, .png, .gif
A
  1. .xlsx
  2. .rtf
  3. .asp
49
Q

A special folder that catalogues specific files and folders in a central location, regardless of where the items are actually stored on your device

A

Library

50
Q

An interface that enables you to train it to respond to your gestures and voice commands

A

Natural user interface (NUI)

51
Q

Enables a computer or device to run another operating system in addition to the one installed

A

Virtual machine (VM)

52
Q

Also called a volume, it is a section of a hard drive that functions like a separate drive

A

Partition

53
Q
  1. File management
  2. Search
  3. Image viewer/gallery
  4. Uninstaller
  5. Disk cleanup
  6. Lock screen
  7. File compression
  8. Maintenance
  9. Backup
  10. Power management
A

Administrative utilities

54
Q
  1. Firewall
  2. Automatic updating
  3. Antivirus software
  4. Spyware and malware detection software
  5. Manage user account
A

Operating System’s Security Utilities

CS100 (11 decks)

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