Lesson 8: Operating Systems: Managing, Coordinating, and Monitoring Resources Flashcards
The software that runs a computer, including the operating system
System software
A set of programs that coordinates all the activities among computer or mobile device hardware
Operating system (OS)
An operating system is also called a ______
platform
On mobile devices, the operating system may reside on ________ in the device
firmware
Firmware consists of ____ chips or flash memory chips that store permanent instructions
ROM
A collective term for all the ways you interact with the device
Graphical user interface (GUI)
A small picture that represents a program, file, or hardware device
Icon
A graphic you click to execute commands you need to work with an app, such as on a toolbar, taskbar, or the ribbon
Button
A list of related items, including folders, applications, and commands
Menu
A list of additional commands associated with the selected command on a menu
Submenu
A list of frequently used commands that relate to an object
Shortcut menu
A box with controls that lets you tell the operating system how you want to complete a command
Dialog box
Dialog box includes:
- Option boxes
- Check boxes
- List boxes
Apps or programs that enable you to perform maintenance-type tasks related to managing the computer or device
Utilities
This type of OS does not always process tasks on a first-come, first-served basis.
Multiuser operating system
The components required to perform work, including the processor, RAM, storage space, and connected devices
Resources
The storage location that temporarily stores open apps and document data while a computer or device is on
RAM
Frequently used instructions and data are stored in a _______
cache
The operating system can allocate a portion of a storage medium, such as a hard disk, to become ____________ to function as additional RAM
virtual memory
This allows an operating system to temporarily store data on a storage medium until it can be “swapped” into RAM
Virtual memory
The amount of data and program instructions that can swap at a given time
Page
The technique of swapping items between memory and storage is called __________
paging
When an operating system spends more of its time paging instead of executing apps, the whole system slows down and it is said to be ______
thrashing
An area of memory that stores data and information waiting to be sent to an input or output device
Buffer
Placing data into a buffer is called _______
spooling
By sending data to a _________, the operating system frees up resources to perform other tasks while the data waits to be processed
buffer
This type of OS allows only one program or app to run at a time
Single-tasking OS
This type of OS allows two or more programs or apps to reside in memory at the same time
Multitasking OS
The one in the _______ is the active program
foreground
The other programs running but not in use are in the __________
background
OS such as UNIX and Linux function as both desktop and server operating systems sometimes are called ___________
multipurpose operating systems
- Windows
- macOS
- UNIX
- Linux
- Chrome OS
Desktop OS
- Windows Server
- macOS Server
- UNIX
- Linux
Server OS
- Google Android
- Apple iOS
- Windows (Mobile Edition)
Mobile OS
An OS installed on a single computer is called a ________ OS or a desktop OS
personal computer (PC)
Desktop OS are sometimes called _______ systems or client operating systems
stand-alone
A multiuser operating system that controls a single, centralized server computer that supports many users on networked computers
Server operating system
The practice of sharing computer resources, such as servers or storage devices, among computers and devices on a network
Virtualization
Is focused on the needs of a mobile user and the capabilities of the device
Mobile operating system
Programs that keep all or some of the code hidden, enabling developers to control and profit from the program they create
Closed source programs
Programs that have no restrictions from the copyright holder regarding modification and redistribution
Open source programs
A program that runs only in a specific type or make of computer or mobile device
Device-dependent program
Privately owned and limited to a specific vendor or computer or device model
Proprietary software
OS that recognize and work with applications written for an earlier version of the operating system (or platform)
Backward compatible
An application may or may not be _____________, meaning it may or may not run on newer versions of an OS
upward compatible
A collection of information stored on your computer, such as text document, spreadsheet, photo, and song
File
Three or four letter sequence, preceded by a period, at the end of a file name that identifies its type of document
File extension
- Microsoft Office: .docx (Word), ______ (Excel), .pptx (PowerPoint)
- Text file: .txt, ______
- Webpage: .htm or .html, .xml, ______ or .aspx, .css
- Graphics: .jpg, .png, .gif
- .xlsx
- .rtf
- .asp
A special folder that catalogues specific files and folders in a central location, regardless of where the items are actually stored on your device
Library
An interface that enables you to train it to respond to your gestures and voice commands
Natural user interface (NUI)
Enables a computer or device to run another operating system in addition to the one installed
Virtual machine (VM)
Also called a volume, it is a section of a hard drive that functions like a separate drive
Partition
- File management
- Search
- Image viewer/gallery
- Uninstaller
- Disk cleanup
- Lock screen
- File compression
- Maintenance
- Backup
- Power management
Administrative utilities
- Firewall
- Automatic updating
- Antivirus software
- Spyware and malware detection software
- Manage user account
Operating System’s Security Utilities
