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CS100 > Lesson 3: Evaluating Hardware: For Home and Work (part 1) > Flashcards

Lesson 3: Evaluating Hardware: For Home and Work (part 1) Flashcards

System Unit - Input

1
Q

A case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data

A

The System Unit

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2
Q

The System Unit includes:

A
  1. Drive bay(s)
  2. Power supply
  3. Sound card
  4. Video card
  5. Processor
  6. Memory
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3
Q

The main circuit board of the system unit

A

Motherboard

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4
Q

A computer ____ contains integrated circuits

A

chip

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5
Q

Also called the central processing unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer

A

Processor

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6
Q

Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

A

Processor

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7
Q

The component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer

A

Control Unit

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8
Q

Performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations

A

Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

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9
Q

Processors begin fetching a second instruction before it completes the machine cycle for the first instruction

A

Pipelining

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10
Q

Controls the timing of all computer operations

A

System clock

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11
Q

The pace of the system clock is called _____ and is measured in ______ (___)

A

clock speed…gigahertz (GHz)

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12
Q

A processor chip requires:

A
  1. Heat sinks
  2. Liquid cooling technology
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13
Q

Continuous and vary in strength and quality

A

Analog signals

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14
Q

These are in one of two states: on or off. Most computers are like this.

A

Digital signals

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15
Q

The binary system uses two unique digits (0 and 1)

A

Bits and bytes

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16
Q

Represents a single character in the computer

A

A byte

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17
Q

The most widely used coding scheme to represent data

A

ACII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

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18
Q

Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data need by those instructions, and the results of processing.

A

Memory

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19
Q

Memory stores three basic categories of items:

A
  1. The operating system and other system software
  2. Application programs
  3. Data being processed and the resulting information
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20
Q

This is measured in kilobytes (KB or K), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), or terabytes (TB)

A

Memory size

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21
Q

System unit contains two kinds of memory:

A
  1. Volatile memory
  2. Nonvolatile memory
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22
Q

Loses its contents when power is turned off

A

Volatile memory

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23
Q

Example includes RAM

A

Volatile memory

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24
Q

Doesn’t lose contents when power is removed

A

Nonvolatile memory

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25
Q

Examples include ROM, flash memory, and CMOS

A

Nonvolatile memory

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26
Q

Three basic types of RAM chips:

A
  1. Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
  2. Static RAM (SRAM)
  3. Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM)
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27
Q

Usually reside on a memory module and are inserted into memory slots

A

RAM chips

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28
Q

This speeds the processes of the computer because it stores frequently used instructions and data

A

Memory cache

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29
Q

This refers tom memory chips storing permanent data and instructions

A

Read-only memory (ROM)

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30
Q

This is a blank ROM chip that can be written permamently

A

programmable read-only memory (PROM)

31
Q

Can be erased electronically and rewritten

A

Flash memory

32
Q

This provides high speeds and consumes little power

33
Q

The amount of time it takes the processor to read from memory

A

Access time

34
Q

A socket on the motherboard that can hold an adapter card

A

Expansion slot

35
Q

Enhances functions of a component of the system unit and/or provides connections to peripherals

A

Adapter card

36
Q

The computer automatically can configure adapter cards and other peripherals as you install them

A

Plug and Play

37
Q

Removable flash memory includes:

A
  1. Memory cards
  2. USB flash drives
  3. PC cards/ExpressCard modules
38
Q

The point at which a peripheral attaches to or communicates with a system unit (sometimes referred to as a jack)

39
Q

It joins a cable to a port

40
Q

You can attach multiple peripherals using a single USB port with a

41
Q
  1. Firewire port
  2. Bluetooth port
  3. SCSI port
  4. eSATA port
  5. IrDA port
  6. Serial port
  7. MIDI port
A

Other types of port

42
Q

This allows the various devices both inside and attached to the system unit to communicate with each other

A

Bus (data bus, address bus)

43
Q

The number of bits the processor can interpret and execute at a given time

44
Q
  1. PCI bus
  2. PCI Express bus
  3. Accelerated Graphics Port
  4. USB and FireWire bus
  5. PC Card bus
A

Common types of buses

45
Q

An opening inside the system unit in which you can install additional equipment

46
Q

Typically holds disk drives

47
Q

This converts the wall outlet AC power into DC power

A

power supply

48
Q

Any data and instructions entered into the memory of a computer

49
Q

An input device that contains keys users press to enter data and instructions to a computer

50
Q

Also known as the cursor, it is a symbol on the screen that indicates where the next character you type will appear

A

insertion point

51
Q

An input device that allows a user to control a pointer on the screen

A

pointing device

52
Q

A small symbol on the screen whose location and shape change as a user moves a pointing device

53
Q

A pointing device that fits under the palm of your hand comfortably; can be wired or wireless

54
Q
  1. Trackball
  2. Touchpad
  3. Pointing Stick
A

Other pointing devices:

55
Q

A touch-sensitive display device

A

touch screen

56
Q

The input device of video games and computer games

A

game controller

57
Q

A mobile device that allows users to take pictures and store them digitally

A

digital camera (studio, field, and point-and-shoot)

58
Q

Two factors that affect the quality of digicam photos:

A
  1. Resolution
  2. Number of bits stored in each pixel
59
Q

The process of entering input by speaking into a microphone

A

Voice input

60
Q

The computer’s capability of distinguishing spoken words

A

Voice recognition

61
Q

The process of entering any sound into the computer

A

Audio input

62
Q

The process of capturing full-motion images and storing them on a computer’s storage medium

A

Video input

63
Q

A meeting between two or more geographically separated people

A

video conference

64
Q
  1. Flatbed
  2. Pen or Handheld
  3. Sheet-fed
  4. Drum
A

Scanners and Reading Devices

65
Q

Involves reading characters from ordinary documents

A

Optical character recognition (OCR)

66
Q

A document that has been output from a computer with some extra information added to it and return to the company that creates and sends it. (ex: credit cards)

A

turnaround document

67
Q

Reads hand-drawn marks such as small circles or rectangles (not to be confused with OCR)

A

Optical mark recognition (OMR)

68
Q

Uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object

A

RFID (radio frequency identification)

69
Q

Read the magnetic stripe on cards such as credit cards, entertainment cards, bank cards, etc

A

Magnetic stripe card readers

70
Q

It reads text printed with magnetized ink; banking industry uses this for check processing

A

MICR (magnetic ink character recognition)

71
Q

Converts MICR characters into a form the computer can process

A

MICR reader

72
Q

Biometrics authenticates a person’s identity by verifying a personal characteristic

A

Biometric Input

73
Q

A computer than allows users to send data to and/or receive information from a host computer (ex: POS terminal, ATM, or DVD kiosk)

CS100 (11 decks)

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