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General Veterinary Microbiology > Lesson 8: Bacterial Metabolism > Flashcards

Lesson 8: Bacterial Metabolism Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

is the sum of all chemical reactions within a living organisms.

A

metabolism

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2
Q

Metabolism is divided into two types of chemical reactions

A

catabolic reaction and anabolic reaction

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3
Q

enzyme-regulated chemical process that releases energy whereby complex organic compound are breakdown into simpler ones.

A

catabolism or catabolic reaction

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4
Q

is an enzyme-regulated chemical process that requires energy to build complex organic molecules from simpler ones

A

anabolism or anabolic reaction

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5
Q

this reaction mainly uses (hydrolytic reaction) to break chemical compounds and produce more energy that they consume (exergonic)

A

catabolism or catabolic reactions

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6
Q

this reaction mainly uses water (dehydration synthesis reaction) and consume more that they produce (endergonic)

A

anabolism or anabolic reaction

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7
Q

the formation or breakdown of chemical bonds is made possible by collision of atoms, ions or molecules that continuously moving and colliding with one another also called?

A

collision theory

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8
Q

the energy required for a chemical reaction

A

activation energy

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9
Q

are substances which serve as biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without them being permanently altered.

A

enzymes

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10
Q

each enzyme has a unique surface configuration that enables it to bind to its corresponding substance called?

A

substrate

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11
Q

what are the mechanism of enzymatic actions?

A

° active site
° enzyme-substrate
° substrate molecule is transformed either by rearrangement, breakdown or in combination
° transformed substrate molecules are released from the enzyme molecule
° the unchanged enzyme is now free to react with other substrate molecules

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12
Q

the surface of the substrate contacts a specific region of the surface of the enzyme molecule

A

active site

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13
Q

a temporary intermediate compound forms

A

enzyme-substrate complex

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14
Q

some of the factors that influence enzymatic activity are?

A
  1. temperature
  2. pH
  3. substrate concentration
  4. inhibitors
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15
Q

compete with normal substrate for the active site

A

competitive inhibitor

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16
Q

Interact with another part of enzyme

A

non-competitive inhibitor

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17
Q

the process by which non-competitive inhibitors carry out its function, wherein inhibitors bind to parts of the enzyme other than substrate binding site.

A

allosteric or feedback inhibition

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18
Q

are a type of RNA that serving as catalyst acting specifically on strands of RNA during protein synthesis

A

Ribozymes

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19
Q

two general aspects of energy production.

A

oxidation-reduction
mechanisms of ATP generation

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20
Q

is the removal of electron from an atom or molecule in a reaction that produces energy

A

oxidation

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21
Q

gaining one or more electron

A

reduction

22
Q

will release energy that will be trapped by ATP which can then serve as energy source.

A

oxidation of glucose

23
Q

the energy released during redox reaction is trapped by ATP within the cell as energy reserve by addition of a phosphate group to ADP in a process called?

A

phosphorylation

24
Q

three mechanisms of phosphorylation

A
  1. substrate-level phosphorylation
  2. oxidative phosphorylation
  3. photophosphorylation
25
Q

ATP is generated when a high energy P is directly transferred from phosphorylated compound to ADP

A

substrate-level phosphorylation

26
Q

electrons are transferred from organic compound to a series of electron carriers in a system called electron transport chain.

A

oxidative phosphorylation

27
Q

occurs only in photosynthetic cells which contain chlorophyll that can be converted into ATP in a process involving electron transport chain system

A

photophosphorylation

28
Q

light energy trapping pigments

A

chlorophyll

29
Q

the most common carbohydrate energy source used by cells

A

glucose

30
Q

is the primary source of cellular energy in most microorganisms

A

oxidation of carbohydrate

31
Q

energy production from glucose use two processes;

A

cellular respiration and fermentation

32
Q

(splitting of sugar) is oxidation of glucose into pyruvic acid that occurs during the first stage of carbohydrate catabolism

A

glycolysis
also called embden meyerhof pathway

33
Q

an ATP generating process wherein the final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule

A

cellular respiration

34
Q

type of cellular respiration

A

aerobic respiration
anaerobic respiration

35
Q

is done in a process called krebs cycle also called as tricarboxylic cycle or citric acid cycle.

A

aerobic respiration

36
Q

it releases ATP from acetyl coA in its every step

A

krebs cycle

37
Q

is the resulting complex of acetyl group and coenzyme

A

acetyl coA

38
Q

the final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule other than oxygen

A

anaerobic respiration

39
Q

generate energy from sugar and other organic molecules such as AMINO ACIDS, ORGANIC ACIDS, PURINES and PYRIMIDINES by not requiring oxygen

A

fermentation

40
Q

example of fermentation

A

lactic acid fermentation
alcohol fermentation

41
Q

the end product of lactic acid fermentation is?

A

lactic acid (lactobacillus streptococcus)

42
Q

end product of alcohol fermentation

A

ethanol (saccharomyces)

43
Q

are broken into amino acids by enzymes proteases and peptidases before they can pass thru the plasma membranes

A

proteins

44
Q

a process which microorganisms can obtain energy from inorganic substance by converting sunlight energy into chemical energy

A

photosynthesis

45
Q

the chemical energy produced will the convert carbon dioxide in atmosphere to sugars

A

carbon fixation

46
Q

is a life mechanism on earth to recycle carbon dioxide excreted by other organisms to be used by plants and other microorganisms.

A

carbon fixation

47
Q

two stages of photosynthesis

A
  1. light-dependent (light) reactions
  2. light-independent (dark) reactions
48
Q

uses light energy to generate energy (photophosphorylation)

A

light-dependent (light) reactions

49
Q

breakdown of carbon dioxide into sugar using energy generated in the first stage (Calvin-Benson cycle)

A

light-independent (dark) reactions

50
Q

metabolic pathways that uses the energy generated by processes

A
  1. polysaccharide biosynthesis
  2. lipid biosynthesis
  3. amino acid and protein biosynthesis
  4. purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis

General Veterinary Microbiology (17 decks)

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