Lesson 15: Introduction to Genetic Engineering and Molecular Methods Flashcards
is the deliberate modification of an organisms genetic information
Genetic Engineering
Directly changing its nucleic acid genome and is achieved by a group of
methods
recombinant DNA technology
is of value on basic research on gene structure and function, production of useful proteins by novels methods, generation of transgenic plants and animals, medical diagnosis and treatment or genome analysis DNA
genetic manipulation
coined to describe the ethical problems that exist in modern genetics
genethics
example of advanced genetic engineering technology is the development of?
genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
the process of artificially introducing foreign genes into organisms is termed?
transfection
the recombinant organism produced in this way are called
transgenic or genetically modified organisms
are available for variety of biotechnological applications
transgenic “designer” organisms
provides a complex code that encodes for synthesis of proteins
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
keep the double helix together
hydrogen bonds
is a necessary feature of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nucleic acid probes
Annealing
possessed by bacteria which allows them to recognize specific regions of DNA for cleavage in producing DNA fragments to be used in genetic engineering
restriction enzymes
is the process of combining two complementary single- stranded DNA or RNA molecules and allowing them to form a single double-stranded molecule through base pairing
hybridization
types of hybridization
✓ northern blot
✓ southern blot
✓ western blot
hybridization of DNA to RNA . which provides quantitative information about RNA synthesis.
northern blot
hybridization of DNA to DNA. useful to detect specific DNA sequences in restriction fragments separated on gels.
southern blot
these blots can be used to detect overlapping restriction fragments
southern blot
it is a technique used for detection of genes, which antibodies are used to detect cloned genes by binding to their protein products
western blot
used to detect cloned genes by binding to their protein products
antibodies
shows gene structure that helps research workers to find out the structure of gene products.
DNA Sequencing
are segments of DNA and RNA labeled with radioisotopes or enzyme that can hybridize to complementary nucleic acids with high degree of specificity.
nucleic acid probes
is a technique that synthesize large quantities of a DNA fragment without cloning
polymerase chain reaction (pcr)
this method can generate tens of billion of copies of a particular DNA fragment from a DNA extract
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
three major steps involved in the PCR technique;
denaturation, annealing, and extension
DNA is denatured at high temperature from?
90-97 degree celcius
PCR can either be?
qualitative or quantitative
referred to real time PCR. It gives an idea about how much DNA amount present in the sample.
Quantitative PCR techniques
is used for detecting a specific DNA segment
Qualitative PCR Technique
is another modification of PCR in which two or more target sequences can be demonstrated simultaneously in a single specimen at the same time.
Multiplex PCR
is designed to collect data as the reaction is proceeding, which is more accurate for DNA and RNA quantitation and does not require laborious post PCR methods
Real-time PCR
a technique mainly used to change the phenotype of an organism (host) when a genetically altered vector is introduced and an integrated into the genome of the organism
Recombinant DNA Technology
this process introduce a foreign piece of DNA structure into the genome of the host
Recombinant DNA Technology
particular gene that is introduced
recombinant gene
is a technique for replacing a faulty gene with a normal one in individuals with fatal or extremely debilitating genetic diseases
gene therapy
what is the inherent benefit of gene therapy?
to permanently cure the physiological dysfunction by repairing the genetic defect
