LESSON 8 Flashcards
1
Q
came from a Latin word, persona, meaning, theatrical mask;
relatively consistent and enduring trait and patterns of
behavior
A
PERSONALITY
2
Q
Distinguishable, relatively enduring dimension of personality in which
one individual varies from another.
A
TRAITS
3
Q
Temporary alteration of one’s
personality
A
STATE
4
Q
COMMON TRAITS
PERSONAL DISPOSITIONS
CARDINAL DISPOSITIONS
CENTRAL DISPOSITIONS
SECONDARY DISPOSITIONS
A
GORDON ALLPORT’S DISPOSITION
5
Q
general characteristics held in
common by many people
A
COMMON TRAITS
6
Q
a generalized neuropsychic
structure (peculiar to the
individual)
A
PERSONAL DISPOSITIONS
7
Q
eminent
characteristic or ruling passion
so outstanding that it dominates
their lives
A
CARDINAL DISPOSITIONS
8
Q
accurate
letter of recommendation
written by someone who knew
the person quite well
A
CENTRAL DISPOSITIONS
9
Q
less
conspicuous but far greater in
number than central dispositions
A
SECONDARY DISPOSITIONS
10
Q
Warmth
Reasoning
Emotional Stability
Dominance
Liveliness
Rule Consciousness
Social Boldness
Vigilance
Abstractedness
Privateness
Apprehension
Openness
Self-reliance
Perfectionism
Tension
A
RAYMOND CATTELLS’ 16 PF
11
Q
warm-hearted,
affectionate, and friendly
A
WARMTH
12
Q
cognitive abilities,
problem solving, logic
A
REASONING
13
Q
resilience
and stability
A
EMOTIONAL STABILITY
14
Q
assertive, forceful,
and willing to take charge
A
DOMINANCE
15
Q
energetic, lively, and
engaging
A
LIVELINESS
16
Q
conscientious,
ethical, and respects rules
A
RULE CONSCIOUSNESS
17
Q
social confidence,
act in social situations
A
SOCIAL BOLDNESS
18
Q
vigilant, alert, and
watchful
A
VIGILANCE
19
Q
concrete thinking
A
ABSTRACTEDNESS
20
Q
private and reserved
A
PRIVATENESS
21
Q
level of anxiety or
fearfulness in threat
A
APPREHENSION
22
Q
adaptability and
openness to new ideas
A
OPPENNESS
23
Q
adaptability and
openness to new ideas
A
OPENNESS
24
Q
relies on themselves
A
SELF-RELIANCE
25
sets high
standards
PERFECTIONISM
26
level of stress or inner tension
TENSION
27
Extraversion
Neuroticism
Openness
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
EYSENCK, MCCRAE AND COSTA’S BIG
FIVE
28
affectionate
joiner
talkative
fun loving
active
passionate
HIGH SCORERS OF EXTRAVERSION
29
reserved
loner
quiet
sober
passive
unfeeling
LOW SCORERS OF EXTRAVERSION
30
anxious
temperamental
self-pitying
self-conscious
emotional
vulnerable
HIGH SCORERS OF NEUROTICISM
31
calm
even-tempered
self-satisfied
comfortable
unemotional
hardy
LOW SCORERS OF NEUROTICISM
32
imaginative
creative
original
prefers variety
curious
liberal
HIGH SCORERS OF OPENNESS
33
down-to-earth
uncreative
conventional
prefers routine
uncurious
conservative
LOW SCORERS OF OPENNESS
34
softhearted
trusting
generous
acquiescent
lenient
good-natured
HIGH SCORERS OF AGREEABLENESS
35
ruthless
suspicious
stingy
antagonistic
critical
irritable
LOW SCORERS OF AGREEABLENESS
36
conscientious
hardworking
well-organized
punctual
ambitious
persevering
HIGH SCORERS OF CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
37
negligent
lazy
disorganized
late
aimless
quitting
LOW SCORERS OF CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
38
turning inward of psychic energy
with an orientation toward the
subjective
INTROVERSION
39
attitude distinguished by the
turning outward of psychic
energy so that a person is
oriented toward the objective
and away from the subjective
EXTRAVERSION
40
logical intellectual
activity that produces a chain of
ideas
THINKING
41
people rely heavily on
concrete thoughts, but they
may also use abstract ideas if
these ideas have been
transmitted to them from
without
EXTRAVERTED THINKING
42
people react to external
stimuli, but their
interpretation of an event is
colored more by the internal
meaning they bring with
them than by the objective
facts themselves.
INTROVERTED THINKING
43
the process of
evaluating an idea or event
FEELING
44
people use objective data to
make evaluations
EXTRAVERTED FEELING
45
people
base their value judgments
primarily on subjective
perceptions rather than
objective facts
INTROVERTED FEELING
46
receives physical
stimuli and transmits them to
perceptual consciousness
SENSING
47
people perceive external
stimuli objectively
EXTRAVERTED SENSING
48
people
are largely influenced by their
subjective sensations of sight,
sound, taste, touch, and etc
INTROVERTED SENSING
49
perception beyond
the workings of consciousness
INTUITION
50
oriented toward facts in the
external world
EXTRAVERTED INTUITIVE
51
guided by unconscious
perception of facts that are
subjective and have little or
no resemblance to external
INTROVERTED INTUITIVE
52
Research scientists, accountants,
mathematicians
EXTRAVERTED THINKERS
53
Philosophers, theoretical scientists,
some inventors
INTROVERTED THINKERS
54
Real estate appraisers, objective movie critics
EXTRAVERTED FEELING
55
Subjective movie critics, art appraisers
INTROVERTED FEELING
56
Wine tasters, proofreaders, popular musicians,
house painters
EXTRAVERTED SENSATION
57
Artists, classical musician
INTROVERTED SENSATION
58
Some inventors, religious reformers
EXTRAVERTED INTUITION
59
Prophets, mystics, religious fanatics
INTROVERTED INTUITION
60
individuals prefer to direct their
energy outwardly (E) or inwardly (I)
Extraversion (E) vs Introversion (I)
61
sensing types focus on concrete
and practical details (S), while
intuitive types focus on
possibilities and potential (N)
Sensing (S) vs Intuition (N)
62
thinking types base decisions on
logic and objective analysis (T),
while feeling types consider
personal values and the impact
on people (F)
Thinking (T) vs Feeling (F)
63
judging types like planning, and
organization (J), while perceiving
types prefer flexibility,
spontaneity, and adaptability (P)
Judging (J) vs Perceiving (P)
64
savage desires and raw
urges; pleasure principle
Id
65
reality-testing structure
that helps id in expressing itself; reality principle
Ego
66
moral arm of
personality; moral principle
Superego
67
REALITY
NEUROTIC
MORAL
TYPES OF ANXIETY
68
fear of tangible
dangers in the real world
REALITY
69
unconscious fear of
being punished for impulsively
displaying id-dominated
behavior
NEUROTIC
70
fear of one’s conscience
MORAL
71
forces threatening
feelings into the unconscious
REPRESSION
72
repressed impulse may become
conscious is through adopting a
disguise that is directly opposite
its original form
REACTION FORMATION
73
redirect their
unacceptable urges onto a
variety of people or objects so
that the original impulse is
disguised or concealed
DISPLACEMENT
74
revert back to that
earlier stage
REGRESSION
75
the prospect of
taking the next step becomes
too anxiety provoking, the ego
may resort to the strategy of
remaining at the present, more
comfortable psychological stage
FIXATION
76
the ego may
reduce that anxiety by
attributing the unwanted
impulse to an external object
PROJECTION
77
incorporate
positive qualities of another
person into their own ego
INTROJECTION
78
repression of the
genital aim of Eros by
substituting a cultural or social
aim
SUBLIMATION
79
Age: birth to 1
Characteristics: Mouth is the primary erogenous zone; pleasure derived from sucking: id is dominant.
ORAL
80
Age: 1 to 3
Characteristics: Toilet training (external reality) interferes with gratification received from defecation.
ANAL
81
Age: 4 to 5
Characteristics: Incestuous fantasies; Oedipus complex; anxiety; superego development.
PHALLIC
82
Age: 5 to puberty
Characteristics: Period of sublimation of sex instinct
LATENCY
83
Age: adolescence to adulthood
Characteristics: Development of sex-role identity and adult social relationships
GENITALS
84
infant derives
intense psychosexual pleasure
from stimulation of the mouth,
particularly while sucking at the
mother’s breast
- oral incorpotative
- oral aggressive / sadistic
Oral stage
85
they get
psychosexual pleasure from the
sensations of bowel movements
- anal expulsive
- anal retentive
Anal stage
86
play with their
genitals
- oedipus complex
- castration anxiety
- elecyra complex
- penis envy
Phallic stage
87
suppress their
psychosexual interest,
temporarily sublimated in school
activities, hobbies, and sports
and in developing friendships
with members of the same sex
Latency stage
88
young people
take a strong sexual interest in
other people and the conflict
during this period is less intense
than in the other stage
Genital stage
89
INFERIORITY COMPLEX
STRIVING FOR SUPERIORITY
ALFRED ADLER'S FAMILY CONSTELLATION
90
an exaggerated feelings of
weakness, inadequacy, and
helplessness
INFERIORITY COMPLEX
91
desire to seek personal
excellence and fulfillment
STRIVING FOR SUPERIORITY
92
Nurturing and protective of others
Good organizer
POSSIBLE POSITIVE TRAITS OF OLDEST
93
Highly anxious
Exaggerated feelings of power
Unconscious hostility
Fights for acceptance
Must always be “right,” whereas
others are always “wrong”
Highly critical of others
Uncooperative
POSSIBLE NEGATIVR TRAITS OF OLDEST
94
Highly motivated
Cooperative
Moderately competitive
POSSIBLE POSITIVE TRAITS OF SECOND
95
Highly competitive
Easily discouraged
POSSIBLER NEGATIVE TRAITS OF SECOND
96
Realistically ambitious
POSSIBLE POSITIVE TRAITS OF YOUNGEST
97
Pampered style of life
Dependent on others
Wants to excel in everything
Unrealistically ambitious
POSSIBLE NEGATIVE TRAITS OF YOUNGEST
98
Socially mature
POSSIBLE POSITIVE TRAITS OF ONLY CHILD
99
Exaggerated feelings of superiority
Low feelings of cooperation
Inflated sense of self
Pampered style of life
POSSIBLE NEGATIVE TRAITS OF ONLY CHILD
100
Mother-child relationship during the
first 4 or 5 months is the most
critical time
Klein believed that an important
part of any relationship is the
internal psychic representations of
early significant objects
MELANIE KLEIN’S OBJECT
RELATIONS THEORY
101
Trust vs. Mistrust
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Ego Integrity vs. Despair
ERIK ERIKSON’S PSYCHOSOCIAL
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
102
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
IVAN PAVLOV
103
OPERANT CONDITIONING
B.F. SKINNER
104
MODELLING LEARNING
ALBERT BANDURA
105
PHYSIOLOGICAL
SAFETY
BELONGINGNESS AND LOVE
ESTEEM
SELF-ACTUALIZATION
ABRAHAM MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
106
FORMATIVE TENDENCY
ACTUALIZING TENDENCY
CARL ROGER'S PERSON CENTERED THEORY
107
tendency
for all matter, both organic and
inorganic, to evolve from simpler
to more complex forms
FORMATIVE TENDENCY
108
move
towards completion
- congruent / authentic
- empathy
- unconditional positive
regard
ACTUALIZING TENDENCY
109
Excessively mistrustful and
suspicious of others, without
justification
Problems with close relationships
Overt argumentativeness, in
recurrent complaining, or by hostile
aloofness
Rigid, critical of others, and unable
to collaborate, although they have
great difficulty accepting criticism
PARANOID PERSONALITY DISORDER
110
"I cannot trust people"
PARANOID PERSONALITY DISORDER
111
Suspects, without sufficient basis, that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving him or her.
Is preoccupied woth unjustified doubts about the loyalty or trustworthiness of friends or associates.
Is reluctant to confide in others because of unwarranted fear that the information will be used maliciously against him or her.
Reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into benign remarks of events.
PARANOID PERSONALITY DISORDER
112
Persistently bears grudges
Perceives attacks on his or her character or reputation that are not apparent to others and is quick to react angrily to counterattack
Has recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual partner
PARANOID PERSONALITY DISORDER
113
Detachment from social
relationships and limited range of
emotions
Difficulty expressing anger, even in
response to direct provocation,
which contributes to the impression
that they lack emotion
Tendency to turn inward and away
from the outside world
Childhood shyness as precursor
SCHIZOID PERSONALITY DISORDER
114
Neither desires nor enjoys close relationships, including being part of a family.
Almost always chooses solitary activities.
Has little, if any, interest in having sexual experiences with another person.
Takes pleasure in few, if any, activities.
SCHIZOID PERSONALITY DISORDER
115
Lacks close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives.
Appears indifferent to the praise or criticism of others.
Shows emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affectivity.
SCHIZOID PERSONALITY DISORDER
116
Typically socially isolated and behave
in ways that would seem unusual to
many of us, and they tend to be
suspicious and to have odd beliefs
Ideas of reference: false beliefs that
random or irrelevant occurrences in
the world directly relate to oneself
Have odd beliefs or engage in
magical thinking
SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
117
"Relationships are messy and undesirable"
SCHIZOID PERSONALITY DISORDER
118
"It is better to be isolated from others"
SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
119
Ideals of reference (excluding delusions of references)
SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
120
Odd beliefs or magical thinking
Unusual perceptual experiences, bodily illusions
Odd thinking and speech
Suspiciousness or paranoid ideation
Inappropriate or constricted affect
SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
121
Behavior or appearance that is odd, eccentric, peculiar
Lack of close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives
Excessive social anxiety that does not diminish with familiarity and tends to be associated with paranoid feard rathet than negative judgments about self
SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
122
Tend to be overly dramatic and
almost to be acting
Express emotions in an exaggerated
manner
Characterized by social dominance
More likely to get divorced or never
get married
Have tendency to get bored with
their usual routine
HISTRIONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER
123
" I am the main character"
HISTRIONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER
124
Is uncomfortable in situations in which he or she is not the center of atterntion.
Interaction with others is often characterized by inappropriate sexually seductive or
provocative behavior.
Displays rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotions.
Consistently uses physical appearance to draw attention to self.
HISTRIONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER
125
Has a style of speech that is eXcessively impressionistic and lacking in detail.
Shows self-dramatization, theatricality, and exaggerated expression of emotion.
ls suggestible (i.e., easily influenced by others or circumstances).
Considers relationships to be more intimate than they actually are.
HISTRIONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER
126
Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment. (Note: Do not include suicidal
or self-mutilating behavior covered in Criterion 5.)
A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternat-
ing between extremes of idealization and devaluation.
ldentity disturbance: markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self.
Impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging (e.g., spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating). (Note: Do not include suicidal or self-mutilating behavior covered in Criterion 5.)
BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER
127
Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self-mutilating behavior.
Affective instability due to a marked reactivity of mood (e.g., intense episodic dysphoria, irritability, or anxiety usually lasting a few hours and only rarely more than a few days).
Chronic feelings of emptiness.
BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER
128
Moods and relationships are
unstable, and usually they have poor
self-image
Have pattern of undermining
themselves at the moment the goal
is about to be realized
May feel more secure with
transitional object
Often feel empty and are great risk
of dying by their own hands
BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER
129
"I am sad"
BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER
130
They consider themselves different
from others and deserve special
treatment
Unreasonable sense of self-
importance and are so preoccupied
with themselves that they lack
sensitivity and compassion
Grandiosity
Very sensitive to criticism
NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER
131
"I am the greatest in the world"
NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER
132
Has a grandiose sense of self-importance (e.g., exaggerates achievements and talents, expects to be recognized as superior without commensurate achievements).
ls preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love.
Believes that he or she is "special" and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with, other special or high-status people (or institutions).
NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER
133
Requires excessive admiration.
Has a sense of entitlement (i.e., unreasonable expectations of especially favorable
treatment or automatic compliance with his or her expectations).
Is interpersonally exploitative (i.e., takes advantage of others to achieve his or her own
ends).
NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER
134
Characterized as having history of
failing to comply with social norms
Irresponsible, impulsive, and
deceitful
Lacking in conscience and empathy,
selfishly take what they want and do
as they please, violating social
norms and expectations
ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
135
"I am entitled to break rules"
ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
136
Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors, as indicated by repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest.
Deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning others for personal profit or pleasure.
Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead.
ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
137
Irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults.
Reckless disregard for safety of self or others.
Consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to sustain consistent work behavior or honor financial obligations.
Lack of remorse, as indicated by being indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another.
ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
138
Extremely sensitive of the opinion of
others and although they desire
social relationship, their anxiety leads
them to avoid
They are likely to misinterpret social
responses as critical, which in turn
confirms their self-doubts
Low self-esteem and hypersensitivity
to rejection
Feel chronically rejected by others
AVOIDANT PERSONALITY DISORDER
139
“If they knew the real me, they would reject me”
AVOIDANT PERSONALITY DISORDER
140
Avoids occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact because of fears of criticism, disapproval, or rejection.
Is unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked.
Shows restraint within intimate relationships because of the fear of being shamed or ridiculed.
AVOIDANT PERSONALITY DISORDER
141
Is preoccupied with being criticized or rejected in social situations.
Views self as socially inept, personally unappealing, or inferior to others.
AVOIDANT PERSONALITY DISORDER
142
Rely on others to make ordinary
decisions and even important ones
which results in an unreasonable fear
of abandonment
Characterized by pessimism and self-doubt and tend to belittle their
abilities and assets
Agree with other people’s opinion
just to be not rejected
DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER
143
“I need people to survive and be happy”
DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER
144
Has difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others.
Needs others to assume responsibility for most major areas of his or her life.
Has difficulty expressing disagreement with others because of fear of loss of support or approval.
DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER
145
Has difficulty initiating projects or doing things on his or her own (because of a lack of self-confidence in judgment or abilities rather than a lack of motivation or energy).
Feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone because of exaggerated fears of being unable to care for himself or herself.
DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER
146
Perfectionist
Fixation on things being done
“the
right way”
This preoccupation with details
prevents them from completing
much of anything
Need to control
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE PERSONALITY DISORDER
147
Is preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order, organization, or schedules to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost.
Shows perfectionism that interferes with task completion (e.g., is unable to complete a project because his or her own overly strict standards are not met).
Is excessively devoted to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE PERSONALITY DISORDER
148
“I am perfectionist, everything should be done under
my control and liking”
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE PERSONALITY DISORDER
149
getting along well with others
without any conflicts
- Pakikisama
- Use of euphemistic language
- Use of go-between
SMOOTH INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS (SIR)
150
painful emotion arising from a
relationship with an authority figure
HIYA
151
starting something but eventually
would quit in the middle of things
NINGAS KUGON
152
reciprocity of gratitude
UTANG NA LOOB
153
come what may
BAHALA NA
154
welcoming visitors to their homes
HOSPITALITY
155
people focus only on the well-being of their own family or close group, without caring about the broader community or society.
AMORAL FAMILISM
156
Written self-rating test which is
administered in a form of
questionnaire
OBJECTIVE TEST
157
fact-to-face gathering
of information
INTERVIEW (BEHAVIORAL METHOD)
158
utilizes the person’s
life history, biographies, diary, etc.
LIFE HISTORY (BEHAVIORAL METHOD)
159
Individual puts structure on an
ambiguous situation in a way that is
consistent with their own conscious
and unconscious needs
- Inkblots (The Rorschach)
- Pictures (TAT)
- Words and Sentences
- Figures (DAPT, HTP)
PROJECTIVE METHODS
