Lesson 7.5. Raster Images and Image Manipulation Techniques Flashcards
a single point or the
smallest single element in a display
device.
pixel
images are made of
pixels.
Raster Images/Graphics
- Formed by a digital camera
- Measured in picture elements or
“pixels”
Raster Graphics
Used for most digital
photos but “lossy”
(gradually losses quality
when resized or
manipulated).
jpeg
jpeg stands for
Joint Photographic Experts Group
Best for line
drawings and
animations. 256
colors maximum.
No loss
gif
gif stands for
graphics interchange format
gif vs jpg
- for images, jpg is better for quality and file size
- for line art, gif is better both for quality and file size
Other Common Raster Image Formats
bmp, tif, png, raw
bmp stands for
bitmap
every pixel stored individually
bmp
Standard in many technical applications. No loss
tif
tif stands for
Tag Image File Format
Lossless image format
png
png stands for
Portable Network Graphics
Data as captured by digital camera, particularly
DSLR camera.
raw
DSLR stands for
digital single lens reflex
five popular raster graphic software
microsoft paint, adobe photoshop, corel photopaint, pixlr, gimp
open source software similar to Adobe
Photoshop
Gimp
are created from
mathematical formulas used to
define lines, shapes and curves.
vector graphics
drawing points; square points on line/curved objects
node
blue line when drawing vector graphics
handle
vector graphics are edited in
draw programs
uses of vectors
graphics that will be scaled/resized, cartoons and clipart, graphics on websites, and fonts/specialized text effects
what are examples of graphics that will be scaled or resized
architectural drawings/CAD programs, flow charts and logos
why do we use vector graphics on websites?
because they have very small file sizes, which allows them to load quickly
what are the disadvantages of vectors
lower color quality, does not support as many colors, not good for photographic images
common vector file formats
SVG, CDR, DXF, and WMF
SVG stands for
scalable vector graphics
Standard format created by W3C, Versatile, all-purpose vector format
SVG
CDR stands for
Corel Draw
Corel Draw Vector Drawing File
DXF stands for
Drawing Exchange Format
vectors made in AutoCAD
DXF
file extension for vector graphics made in CorelDraw
CDR
WMF stands for
Windows Metafile
old vector image format designed by microsoft in the early 1990s
WMF
examples of popular vector graphic software
Adobe Illustrator, CorelDraw, AutoCAD, Inkscape, Xara Xtreme
open source software similar to Adobe Illustrator.
Inkscape
what makes vectors different from raster
good for preserving sharpness after rescaling, not good for natural scenes, hard to construct
what makes raster different from vector
does not preserve sharpness after resizing, good for natural scenes, easy to construct
Common Vector File Formats
AI and EPS
vector file format
AI stands for
adobe illustrator
EPS stands for
encapsulated postscript
- Industry standard used by developers of vector
graphics. - Used to create, save, and archive original artwork.
AI
- Meta Graphic
- Graphics developers generally save a copy of the AI
file in EPS format because it can be opened by
computers running different operating systems. - Preferred format for vendors/clients who use the
graphics in publications due to its portability.
EPS
3 image manipulation principles
- choose the right file format
- choose the right image size
- caption it
Cutting
parts away to remove
distracting or
irrelevant elements.
cropping
The ambience and
the tone of light of
the picture (ex.
Warm or cool
light)
color balance
One of the
most basic techniques
in image editing,
making the image
darker or lighter.
brightness and contrast
The higher
the quality and the
larger the photo is,
the bigger the file
size of the picture is.
compression and resizing
Making the
image look sketched,
grainy, classic black
and white or even let it
have neon colors. This
gives your image a
twist from its original
look.
filters
Copying or duplicating a part of an
image.
cloning
Adding background
to make your
image stand out.
changing the background
Removing
certain colors in
your image or
desaturating the
color of the image.
removing the color
Adding multiple
elements in your
layout.
combining text, graphics, and image
