Lesson 7: Fundamentals of Design Flashcards
- to create, fashion, execute, or construct according to plan; devise, contrive
- to conceive and plan out in the mind
- to have as a purpose, intend
design
an important tool that enhances how you
communicate with other people. It serves to convey your
ideas in a way that is not only effective, but also beautiful.
graphic design
where did historians trace the origins of graphic design?
early cave paintings from about 38,000 BC
“design is intelligence made visible”
Alina Wheeler
a straight one-dimensional figure that does not have a thickness, and it extends endlessly in both directions; the connection between two points
line
where do we see lines in nature
tree branches, spider webs, and curving river
where do we see lines in the manufactured world
wires, winding roads, and edges of buildings
types of lines
- curved or straight
- vertical, horizontal, or diagonal
- thick or thin
- smooth or rough
- light or dark
- continuous or broken
refer to the basic building blocks of any composition
elements of visual design
The elements of design are the fundamental aspects of any visual
design which include
shape, color, space, form, line, value, and texture
a 2-dimensional object (it is flat) It has height and width but no depth.
shape
two types of shapes
geometric and organic shapes
type of shapes that are regular and precise. They
can be measured.
geometric shapes
type of shapes that are irregular
organic shape
examples of geometric shapes
circles, squares, and rectangles
examples of organic shapes
seashells, leaves, flowers
in terms of shapes, an artwork is often made up of ____ and ____
positive and negative shapes
usually the solid objects that the artist depicts
positive shapes
are formed by the areas around or between the objects (the sky, grass, mountains)
negative shapes
is three-dimensional. It has height, width AND depth
form
form can be:
regular and precise or irregular and organic
examples of things composed of forms
3D art (sculptures, architecture, and crafts)
in 2D art, artists can only
create the illusion of form
space creates ___
an illusion of depth
In a 2-Dwork of art, space is limited to the
picture plane
how do you create the illusion of depth using space?
by using color and/or value to make objects advance or recede
refers to the lightness and darkness of a color.
value
value is commonly known as:
shading of an object
how do you make a drawing as realistic as possible using value?
show the full value range in the artwokr
adding black to a color makes
shades
adding white to a color makes
tints
the tactile quality of a surface, such
as rough, smooth, sticky, fuzzy, soft or slick.
texture
texture can be ____ or _____
real or implied
a type of texture that can be felt, such as a piece
of sandpaper, a woven mat, or animal fur.
real texture
illusion of texture created by an artist.
implied texture
can also be symbolic, with meanings that change from culture to
culture; can symbolize an object or thing such as blue for water and
green for grass and the leaves of trees or it may symbolize an emotion
or idea, such as red for love, yellow for fear and blue for sadness.
Color
bright to dull (in terms of color)
intensity
light to dark (in terms of color)
value
a property of light
color
how does color reflect into our eyes
the surface of an object absorbs certain wavelengths and reflects the one we see
if all the wavelengths of light are absorbed, we identify the color as
black
if all wavelengths of color are reflected, we see
white
characteristics of color
hue, value, and intensity
is actually the color we see
hue
refers to the lightness and darkness of a hue.
value
the brightness or dullness of a color
intensity
three kinds of color
primary, secondary, and intermediate
primary colors
red, yellow, and blue
secondary colors
orange, green, and violet
intermediate colors
red-orange, yellow-orange, yellow-green, blue-green, blue-violet, red-violet
are used to create the rest of
the colors on the color wheel.
primary colors
how do you make a secondary color
mix two primary colors
how do you make an intermediate color
mix a primary and secondary color
three kinds of color schemes
complementary, monochromatic, and analogous
color scheme created with two colors are located directly across from each
other on the whee
complementary colors
color scheme that makes use of only one hue and its tints
and shades
monochromatic
color scheme is made up of three or four colors that are adjacent on the
color wheel.
analogous
why do artists pair complementary colors together?
the area where they meet seems to vibrate
what is another way to lessen the intensity of a color
adding a small amount of its complementary color
colors that remind us of the sun or fire and
can add a feeling of excitement, boldness
or happiness to a work of art.
warm colors
Warm colors
make objects seem
larger and appear to advance in an artwork
colors that remind us of lakes, distant mountains,
sky and foliage and tend to be calm and restful.
cool colors
cooll colors make objects seem
smaller and recede into the distance
warm colors
red, orange, yellow
cool colors
green, blue, violet
the rules a designer must follow to create
an effective and attractive composition.
principles of design
The fundamental principles of design are
emphasis, balance, movement, pattern, repetition, rhythm, variety, and proportion
the distribution of the visual
weight of objects, texture, colors, and
space that is evenly distributed on the
screen. It places the parts of a visual in an
aesthetically pleasing arrangement. It is
also a reconciliation of opposing forces in a
composition that results in visual stability.
Balance
balance is a:
psychological sense of equilibrium
calls attention to something in order to hold the viewers’ interest
emphasis
makes an area in the design
appear different in size, texture, shape or
color to attract the viewer’s attention. The
artist usually makes an area stand out by
contrasting it with other areas.
emphasis
emphasis is usually an
interruption of the pattern/movement of the viewers’ eye
guides the viewer’s eyes around the screen
movement
the path the viewer’s eye takes
through the work of art, often to focal areas.
Such movement can be directed along lines,
edges, shape and color within the work of art.
movement
movement is a design element that operates in
the fourth dimension
we can speak of movement as:
literal and compositional
the repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art
pattern
works with pattern to make the work of art
seem active.
repetition
created when one
or more elements of design are used
repeatedly to create a feeling of organized
movement.
rhythm
___, ___, and ___ work together to create unity in an image
pattern, repetition, and rhythm
deals with the relation of visual elements with one another.
proportion
the feeling of unity created
when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number)
relate well with each other. It may refer to
the relative size and scale of the various
elements in a design.
proportion
uses several design elements to draw a viewer’s attention
variety
the complement of unity and is
needed to create visual interest. It is the
use of several elements of design to hold
the viewer’s attention and to guide the
viewer’s eye through and around the work
of art. It may change the line’s thickness,
the shape’s size, the color’s saturation, or a
texture to smooth or rough.
variety
variety means to
change the character of an element
