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LSE > lesson 7 > Flashcards

lesson 7 Flashcards

lesgaw

1
Q

the branch of science which deals with the chemical elements and compounds that are essential for the growth of the plant.

A

Plant Nutrition

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2
Q

Classification according to the Amount of Nutrients Needed by the Plant

A

a. Macronutrient
b. Micronutrient

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3
Q

Classification according to Mobility

A

a. Mobile
b. Immobile

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4
Q

Classification according to Essentiality

A

a. Essential Elements
b. Beneficial Elements

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5
Q

nutrients taken by plants in relatively large quantities

A

Macronutrients

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6
Q

nutrients taken in relatively smaller amounts

A

Micronutrient

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7
Q

nutrients can move from older leaves to younger plant parts when they are insufficient.

A

Mobile

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8
Q

cannot move from one plant part to another

A

Immobile

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8
Q

important only for certain plant species or group

A

Beneficial Elements

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9
Q

continuous absorption and harvesting of crops without replenishing the soil with
the nutrients used up

A

Crop removal

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9
Q

needed for the normal growth of reproduction of plants or to complete its life
cycle.

A

Essential Elements

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10
Q

What are the reasons for decline of soil fertility

A
  1. Soil erosion
  2. Crop removal
  3. Conversion of nutrients to unavailable forms
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10
Q

physical loss and displacement of the fertile topsoil

A

Soil erosion

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11
Q

Conversion of nutrients to unavailable forms

A

a. Combination with other elements forming insoluble forms
b. Microbial mediated transformations
c. Volatilization (especially nitrogen)
d. Leaching

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12
Q

severe localized yellowing; scorched appearance.

A

Burning

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13
Q

general yellowing of the plant tissue; lack of chlorophyll.

A

Chlorosis

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14
Q

symptoms not limited to one area of a plant, but rather spread over the entire plant

A

Generalized

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15
Q

not able to be moved from one part of the plant to another.

A

Immobile Nutrient

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16
Q

yellowing in between leaf veins, yet veins remain green.

A

Interveinal Chlorosis

17
Q

symptoms limited to one leaf or one section of the leaf or plant

A

Localized

18
Q

able to be moved from one plant part to another

A

Mobile Nutrient

19
Q

spotted, irregular, inconsistent pattern.

A

Mottling

20
Q

death of plant tissue; tissue browns and dies

A

Necrosis

21
Q

decreased growth; shorter height of the affected plants

A

Stunting

22
Q

Refers to the maintenance of soil fertility and of plant nutrient supply at an optimum level for sustaining the desired productivity

A

Integrated Nutrient Management

23
Q

How is INM achieved?

A

through optimization of the benefits from all possible sources of organic, inorganic, and biological components in an integrated manner.

24
Q

The aim of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM)

A
  • Reduce inorganic fertilizer use
  • Enhance efficient nutrient use
  • Restore organic matter in the soil
  • Enhance and sustain soil health
  • Increase farm income
  • Protect the environment
25
Q

Natural sources of nutrient for crops

A
  • soil
  • water
  • air
26
Q

What builds up in the soil natural sources cannot meet the total nutrients requirement of the crop?

A

nutrient consumption gap

27
Q

What are the components of the INM system

A
  1. Chemical fertilizers
  2. Organic sources
  3. fertilizers
  4. Leguminous crops
28
Q

provide immediate effect on crop yields

A

Chemical fertilizers

29
Q

can adversely reduce soil fertility and lead to soil and water pollution

A

Chemical fertilizers

30
Q

What do fertilizers use when using inorganic fertilizer is very low?

A

efficiency

31
Q

Biological in nature

A

Organic sources

32
Q

Environment friendly.

A

Organic sources

33
Q

Improves soil fertility and physical characteristics

A

Organic sources

34
Q

Source of secondary essential nutrients and micronutrients.

A

Organic sources

35
Q

Improves the nutrient status of the soil by fixation or mobilization/solubilization of essential nutrients

A

Bio fertilizers

36
Q

What are the benefits of bio fertilizers?

A
  • Nitrogen fixation
  • Solubilization of Phosphorus
  • Enhancement of nutrient and water absorption
  • Decomposition of organic materials
  • Biofertilizers Increase fertilizer use efficiency
  • Rhizobium, Trichoderma, and mycorrhizal fungi are some examples of bio fertilizers.
37
Q

the process where nitrogen is converted to ammonia and other nitrogenous
compounds through the symbiotic interaction of soil bacteria called rhizobia and root nodule in the
roots of legumes.

A

Nitrogen fixation

38
Q

Where can legumes be used?

A
  • green manuring
  • intercropping
  • crop rotation
39
Q

Issues for effective Adoption of INM

A
  • Composting of agricultural waste should be boosted
  • Green manuring should be popularized together with making available seeds of green manure
    crops
  • Encourage use of biofertilizers
  • Farmers be educated on the benefits of INM.
40
Q

an innovative technique that has been developed to cultivate plants which does not
necessitate soil, but instead placed on a nutrient enriched solution.

A

Hydroponics

41
Q

a low-cost hydroponics system for soil-less
vegetable production.

A

Simple Nutrient Addition Program (SNAP) Hydroponics

42
Q

Where is SNAP hydroponics ideal?

A

best for home-based vegetable production and ideal for small spaces typical in
urban area.

43
Q

Advantages of SNAP Hydroponics

A
  • Efficient utilization of space
  • Simple to set-up and operate
  • Can be made from recycled materials
  • Low water and energy consumption
  • High return of investment
  • Crops tend to grow healthier and faster

LSE (6 decks)

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