lesson 7 Flashcards
lesgaw
the branch of science which deals with the chemical elements and compounds that are essential for the growth of the plant.
Plant Nutrition
Classification according to the Amount of Nutrients Needed by the Plant
a. Macronutrient
b. Micronutrient
Classification according to Mobility
a. Mobile
b. Immobile
Classification according to Essentiality
a. Essential Elements
b. Beneficial Elements
nutrients taken by plants in relatively large quantities
Macronutrients
nutrients taken in relatively smaller amounts
Micronutrient
nutrients can move from older leaves to younger plant parts when they are insufficient.
Mobile
cannot move from one plant part to another
Immobile
important only for certain plant species or group
Beneficial Elements
continuous absorption and harvesting of crops without replenishing the soil with
the nutrients used up
Crop removal
needed for the normal growth of reproduction of plants or to complete its life
cycle.
Essential Elements
What are the reasons for decline of soil fertility
- Soil erosion
- Crop removal
- Conversion of nutrients to unavailable forms
physical loss and displacement of the fertile topsoil
Soil erosion
Conversion of nutrients to unavailable forms
a. Combination with other elements forming insoluble forms
b. Microbial mediated transformations
c. Volatilization (especially nitrogen)
d. Leaching
severe localized yellowing; scorched appearance.
Burning
general yellowing of the plant tissue; lack of chlorophyll.
Chlorosis
symptoms not limited to one area of a plant, but rather spread over the entire plant
Generalized
not able to be moved from one part of the plant to another.
Immobile Nutrient
yellowing in between leaf veins, yet veins remain green.
Interveinal Chlorosis
symptoms limited to one leaf or one section of the leaf or plant
Localized
able to be moved from one plant part to another
Mobile Nutrient
spotted, irregular, inconsistent pattern.
Mottling
death of plant tissue; tissue browns and dies
Necrosis
decreased growth; shorter height of the affected plants
Stunting
Refers to the maintenance of soil fertility and of plant nutrient supply at an optimum level for sustaining the desired productivity
Integrated Nutrient Management
How is INM achieved?
through optimization of the benefits from all possible sources of organic, inorganic, and biological components in an integrated manner.
The aim of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM)
- Reduce inorganic fertilizer use
- Enhance efficient nutrient use
- Restore organic matter in the soil
- Enhance and sustain soil health
- Increase farm income
- Protect the environment
Natural sources of nutrient for crops
- soil
- water
- air
What builds up in the soil natural sources cannot meet the total nutrients requirement of the crop?
nutrient consumption gap
What are the components of the INM system
- Chemical fertilizers
- Organic sources
- fertilizers
- Leguminous crops
provide immediate effect on crop yields
Chemical fertilizers
can adversely reduce soil fertility and lead to soil and water pollution
Chemical fertilizers
What do fertilizers use when using inorganic fertilizer is very low?
efficiency
Biological in nature
Organic sources
Environment friendly.
Organic sources
Improves soil fertility and physical characteristics
Organic sources
Source of secondary essential nutrients and micronutrients.
Organic sources
Improves the nutrient status of the soil by fixation or mobilization/solubilization of essential nutrients
Bio fertilizers
What are the benefits of bio fertilizers?
- Nitrogen fixation
- Solubilization of Phosphorus
- Enhancement of nutrient and water absorption
- Decomposition of organic materials
- Biofertilizers Increase fertilizer use efficiency
- Rhizobium, Trichoderma, and mycorrhizal fungi are some examples of bio fertilizers.
the process where nitrogen is converted to ammonia and other nitrogenous
compounds through the symbiotic interaction of soil bacteria called rhizobia and root nodule in the
roots of legumes.
Nitrogen fixation
Where can legumes be used?
- green manuring
- intercropping
- crop rotation
Issues for effective Adoption of INM
- Composting of agricultural waste should be boosted
- Green manuring should be popularized together with making available seeds of green manure
crops - Encourage use of biofertilizers
- Farmers be educated on the benefits of INM.
an innovative technique that has been developed to cultivate plants which does not
necessitate soil, but instead placed on a nutrient enriched solution.
Hydroponics
a low-cost hydroponics system for soil-less
vegetable production.
Simple Nutrient Addition Program (SNAP) Hydroponics
Where is SNAP hydroponics ideal?
best for home-based vegetable production and ideal for small spaces typical in
urban area.
Advantages of SNAP Hydroponics
- Efficient utilization of space
- Simple to set-up and operate
- Can be made from recycled materials
- Low water and energy consumption
- High return of investment
- Crops tend to grow healthier and faster
