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LSE > lesson 5 > Flashcards

lesson 5 Flashcards

lawl

1
Q

Sowing seeds or other planting materials directly in the field where they will be grown

A

Direct planting

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2
Q

Seeds are scattered evenly

A

Broadcast method

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3
Q

How is the broadcast method done?

A

manually or with seed spreaders

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4
Q

Spreading seeds evenly as possible along equally spaced rows

A

Drill method

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5
Q

When is the drill method done?

A

after setting the rows with the use of a furrower

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6
Q

What is used for the drill method?

A

mechanical planters or drum seeders

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7
Q

Evenly spaced spots along equally spaced rows

A

Hill method (Also called Dibbling)

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8
Q

Where is the hill method used?

A

along mountain slopes

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9
Q

How many seeds are planted in each spot or hill

(Hill method)

A

one or more seeds

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10
Q

What is used for the hill method?

A

long wood or bamboo pole with a metal scoop

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11
Q

Seeds or other planting materials are first down or planted on specially prepared seedbed seed boxes or individual containers in a nursery before they are transferred to the field

A

Transplanting

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12
Q

What is the reason for transplanting

A
  • minimize waste of expensive seeds
  • provide care for seedlings
  • done for crops with very small seeds
  • done for seeds with uncertain viability
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13
Q

What is the first step in planting on seed boxes or seedbeds

A

make shallow evenly spaced furrows on the surface of seeds boxes or seedbeds

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14
Q

Where do you sow the seeds when planting on seed boxes or seedbeds

A

along the furrows

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15
Q

How is water alloted in seed boxes?

A

soaking its base in a tray filled with water

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16
Q

What do we have to consider when transplanting?

A
  • transplant in the afternoon or during a cloudy day
  • enough moisture in the soil
  • extra careful to the roots of the seedlings
  • avoid disturbing the ball of soil
  • better to water these plants after transplanting
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17
Q

Done by sowing pre-germinated seeds in the well puddled field

A

Direct seeding (wetland rice)

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18
Q

soaking the rice seeds in water

A

pre-germination

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19
Q

How long do we have to soak the rice seeds in water?

A

12-24 hrs, until the radicle emerges

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20
Q

What are the method/s under direct planting (wetland rice)?

A

Broadcast

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21
Q

What are the advantages in Direct planting?

A
  • Less labor
  • Usually mature earlier
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22
Q

What are the disadvantages of direct planting?

A
  • More seeds required
  • Exposed to rats and birds
  • Weed competition
  • Tall varieties are mo prone to lodging
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23
Q

What varieties are prone to lodging?

A

Tall varieties

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24
Q

What are the methods under transplanting wetland rice?

A
  • Dapog
  • Wetbed
  • Dry bed
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25
Q

Pre-germinated seeds sown on plastic, coarse paper, banana leaves or similar materials on top of a flat surface

A

Dapog

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26
Q

Dapog - What is the ratio for 1.0m² area

A

1.5 kg to 3 kg

27
Q

Dapog - What is the ratio for 1 ha area

A

40 kg

28
Q

Dapog - When are seedlings regularly and transplanted

A

9 to 14 days

29
Q

Wetbed - What is the ratio of pre-germinated - 10m2 seedbed

A

1.0 kg pre-germinated seeds

30
Q

Wetbed - What is the ratio of pre-germinated seeds to one hectare of land?

A

50 kg

31
Q

When the water level in the seedbed rises, what happens to the seedlings?

A

grow bigger

32
Q

When will be the seedlings be transplanted, wetbed method?

A

21-28 d

33
Q

What method are suitable for irrigated wetland riceculture?

A

dapog and wetbed

34
Q

Dry bed - how many pre-germinated seeds is needed for 10m2 seedbed

A

1.0kg pre-germinated seeds

35
Q

Dry bed - What is the ratio of pre-germinated seeds to one hectare of land?

A

50 kg

36
Q

Dry bed - When will be the seedlings be sprinkled?

A

when only needed

37
Q

What method is suitable for rainfed wetland rice culture?

A

dry bed

38
Q

What are the methods of transplanting seedlings?

A
  • Random method
  • Straight row
39
Q

does not follow regular spacing

A

Random method

40
Q

Random method - where does the distances depend?

A

judgement of the farmer

41
Q

What do we utilize when using straight row method?

A

planting guides or wooden markers to plant at regular spacing

42
Q

What is the measurements for straight row method, square or rectangular?

A

20 cm x 20 cm, 25 cm x 25 cm, 35 cm x 35 cm

43
Q

similar to the square method but with an additional
tree planted at the center of each square

A

Quincunx or diagonal

44
Q

suitable for planting filler trees

A

Quincunx or diagonal

45
Q

conventional method

A

Square

46
Q

easiest and simplest method

A

Square

47
Q

highly applicable for mechanized farm operations

A

Square

48
Q

planting trees in an equilateral triangle pattern

A

Triangular or hexagonal

49
Q

permits planting of more trees per unit area

A

Triangular or hexagonal

50
Q

applicable for sloping areas

A

Contour system

51
Q

effective in reducing soil erosion

A

Contour system

52
Q

What are the factors affecting the layout to follow?

A
  1. topography
  2. existing vegetation
  3. characteristic of crop or crop combination
  4. possibility of mechanization
53
Q

What are the steps in establishment of an orchard?

A

1.Clearing
2.Laying-out or staking
3.Digging holes
4.Planting
5.Maintenance

54
Q

What are the other important considerations in planting?

A
  • Crop density
  • Optimum plant density
  • Orientation of crop rows
  • Ridge and Furrow planting
55
Q

number of plants in a given
area

A

CROP DENSITY

56
Q

How is density determined?

A

spacing

57
Q

ideal number of plants grown
per unit area

A

Optimum plant density

58
Q

What does the optimum plant density depend on?

A
  • Characteristics of the plant
  • Season
  • Fertility of the soil
59
Q

What is the orientation of crop rows in a flat area?

A

east to west

60
Q

Why is the orientation of crop rows in a flat area east to west?

A

to avoid shading between rows

61
Q

What is the orientation of crop rows in a sloping area?

A

along the contours

62
Q

Why is the orientation of crop rows in a sloping area along the contours?

A

to reduce soil erosion

63
Q

generally recommended during wet season

A

Planting on Ridges

64
Q

generally recommended during the dry
season

A

Planting on Furrows

LSE (6 decks)

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