lesson 5 Flashcards
lawl
Sowing seeds or other planting materials directly in the field where they will be grown
Direct planting
Seeds are scattered evenly
Broadcast method
How is the broadcast method done?
manually or with seed spreaders
Spreading seeds evenly as possible along equally spaced rows
Drill method
When is the drill method done?
after setting the rows with the use of a furrower
What is used for the drill method?
mechanical planters or drum seeders
Evenly spaced spots along equally spaced rows
Hill method (Also called Dibbling)
Where is the hill method used?
along mountain slopes
How many seeds are planted in each spot or hill
(Hill method)
one or more seeds
What is used for the hill method?
long wood or bamboo pole with a metal scoop
Seeds or other planting materials are first down or planted on specially prepared seedbed seed boxes or individual containers in a nursery before they are transferred to the field
Transplanting
What is the reason for transplanting
- minimize waste of expensive seeds
- provide care for seedlings
- done for crops with very small seeds
- done for seeds with uncertain viability
What is the first step in planting on seed boxes or seedbeds
make shallow evenly spaced furrows on the surface of seeds boxes or seedbeds
Where do you sow the seeds when planting on seed boxes or seedbeds
along the furrows
How is water alloted in seed boxes?
soaking its base in a tray filled with water
What do we have to consider when transplanting?
- transplant in the afternoon or during a cloudy day
- enough moisture in the soil
- extra careful to the roots of the seedlings
- avoid disturbing the ball of soil
- better to water these plants after transplanting
Done by sowing pre-germinated seeds in the well puddled field
Direct seeding (wetland rice)
soaking the rice seeds in water
pre-germination
How long do we have to soak the rice seeds in water?
12-24 hrs, until the radicle emerges
What are the method/s under direct planting (wetland rice)?
Broadcast
What are the advantages in Direct planting?
- Less labor
- Usually mature earlier
What are the disadvantages of direct planting?
- More seeds required
- Exposed to rats and birds
- Weed competition
- Tall varieties are mo prone to lodging
What varieties are prone to lodging?
Tall varieties
What are the methods under transplanting wetland rice?
- Dapog
- Wetbed
- Dry bed
Pre-germinated seeds sown on plastic, coarse paper, banana leaves or similar materials on top of a flat surface
Dapog
Dapog - What is the ratio for 1.0m² area
1.5 kg to 3 kg
Dapog - What is the ratio for 1 ha area
40 kg
Dapog - When are seedlings regularly and transplanted
9 to 14 days
Wetbed - What is the ratio of pre-germinated - 10m2 seedbed
1.0 kg pre-germinated seeds
Wetbed - What is the ratio of pre-germinated seeds to one hectare of land?
50 kg
When the water level in the seedbed rises, what happens to the seedlings?
grow bigger
When will be the seedlings be transplanted, wetbed method?
21-28 d
What method are suitable for irrigated wetland riceculture?
dapog and wetbed
Dry bed - how many pre-germinated seeds is needed for 10m2 seedbed
1.0kg pre-germinated seeds
Dry bed - What is the ratio of pre-germinated seeds to one hectare of land?
50 kg
Dry bed - When will be the seedlings be sprinkled?
when only needed
What method is suitable for rainfed wetland rice culture?
dry bed
What are the methods of transplanting seedlings?
- Random method
- Straight row
does not follow regular spacing
Random method
Random method - where does the distances depend?
judgement of the farmer
What do we utilize when using straight row method?
planting guides or wooden markers to plant at regular spacing
What is the measurements for straight row method, square or rectangular?
20 cm x 20 cm, 25 cm x 25 cm, 35 cm x 35 cm
similar to the square method but with an additional
tree planted at the center of each square
Quincunx or diagonal
suitable for planting filler trees
Quincunx or diagonal
conventional method
Square
easiest and simplest method
Square
highly applicable for mechanized farm operations
Square
planting trees in an equilateral triangle pattern
Triangular or hexagonal
permits planting of more trees per unit area
Triangular or hexagonal
applicable for sloping areas
Contour system
effective in reducing soil erosion
Contour system
What are the factors affecting the layout to follow?
- topography
- existing vegetation
- characteristic of crop or crop combination
- possibility of mechanization
What are the steps in establishment of an orchard?
1.Clearing
2.Laying-out or staking
3.Digging holes
4.Planting
5.Maintenance
What are the other important considerations in planting?
- Crop density
- Optimum plant density
- Orientation of crop rows
- Ridge and Furrow planting
number of plants in a given
area
CROP DENSITY
How is density determined?
spacing
ideal number of plants grown
per unit area
Optimum plant density
What does the optimum plant density depend on?
- Characteristics of the plant
- Season
- Fertility of the soil
What is the orientation of crop rows in a flat area?
east to west
Why is the orientation of crop rows in a flat area east to west?
to avoid shading between rows
What is the orientation of crop rows in a sloping area?
along the contours
Why is the orientation of crop rows in a sloping area along the contours?
to reduce soil erosion
generally recommended during wet season
Planting on Ridges
generally recommended during the dry
season
Planting on Furrows
