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LSE > lesson 6 > Flashcards

lesson 6 Flashcards

sana pasado yesss amen

1
Q

involves the application of the right amount of water at the right time

A

Irrigation

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2
Q

Importance of water

A

● More than 80% of the weight of plants is water.
● Water plays an important role in photosynthesis.
● A lot of nutrients are absorbed by plants with water.
● Water must be provided in the right amount and at the right time.

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3
Q

What are the factors to consider in irrigation?

A
  1. Climatic factors
  2. Plant factors
  3. Soil factors
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4
Q

Water transpired from the leaves of plants, evaporated from other plant, soil and water
surfaces.

A

Evapotranspiration

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5
Q

consumptive use of water

A

Evapotranspiration

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6
Q

What is Evapotranspiration highly affected by?

A

climatic factors?

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7
Q

rainwater that penetrates the soil surface and is retained in the root zone

A

Effective Rainfall

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8
Q

What kind of rooted crops are more tolerant to low moisture stress?

A

deeply rooted crops

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9
Q

Normal root development is greatly affected by what?

A

amount of moisture in the soil

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10
Q

What do plants require in their root zone?

A

enough moisture

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11
Q

When is water needed?

A

germination

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12
Q

When does the water requirement increase and reach it’s peak

A

flowering and early ripening stage

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13
Q

When does water demand decrease?

A

maturation

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

the amount of water that penetrates the soil surface over a period of time

A

Infiltration rate

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16
Q

the amount of moisture retained in the soil for possible crop use

A

Water holding capacity

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17
Q

most suitable soil texture to use

A

loam

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18
Q

Which soil has medium infiltration rate?

A

silt

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19
Q

Which soil has medium water holding capacity?

A

silt

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20
Q

Which soil has high infiltration rate?

A

sand

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21
Q

Which soil has low water holding capacity?

A

sand

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22
Q

What soil has low infiltration rate?

A

clay

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23
Q

What soil has high water holding capacity?

A

Clay

24
Q

What affects the infiltration rate and water holding capacity due to what?

A

amount of organic matter

ability to improve aggregation and its affinity to hold water

25
Q

What are practical ways to determine when to irrigate?

A
  1. Temporary wilting
  2. Color of wiltage
  3. Rate of growth
  4. Feel method
  5. Use of indicator plots
26
Q

Conveys water to the field by allowing it to run along the surface of the land using irrigation canals or ditches by gravity

A

surface or gravity methods

27
Q

Water is allowed to flow along small channels as it moves down the slope of the field

A

furrow irrigation

28
Q

Where is furrow irrigation applicable?

A

to plants grown in rows along the ridges in areas with gentle slope

29
Q

How much water does furrow irrigation need?

A

a large amount

30
Q

Applicable in areas where water is abundant and inexpensive.

A

Flooding

31
Q

What is flooding commonly used for?

A

wetland rice

32
Q

What must the field be surrounded by when using the flooding method?

A

leaves

33
Q

What area should not be flooded for a longtime to prevent waterlogging?

A

dryland crps

34
Q

Water is applied above the plant canopy simulating rain

A

OVERHEAD IRRIGATION

35
Q

Simplest method, water is carried and applied manually in watering cans

A

Use of watering cans

36
Q

Limited to small areas with an accessible source of water

A

Use of watering cans

37
Q

Applicable in areas with piped water distribution system with sufficient pressure.

A

Use of hose pipes

38
Q
A
39
Q

Water is applied in the form of spray similar to rain.

A

Use of sprinklers

40
Q

Water is directed to the base of the plant using pipelines either laid on the soil or buried
underneath

A

Drip irrigation

41
Q

Where is drip irrigation highly applicable?

A

areas with scare water supply

42
Q

Considered an efficient method in terms of water use

A

Drip irrigation

43
Q

How many liters of water does the rice crop needs to produce a kg of rice?

A

1300-1500 liters

44
Q

How many liters of rain water does under ideal conditions need per cropping/

A

400-2000 mm

45
Q

How many percent does rice production receive of total world irrigation water?

A

34-43 %

46
Q

How many percent does production receive of freshwater resources?

A

24-30%

47
Q

Involves medium to deep flooding

A

Continuous flooding with standing water

48
Q

How is water level regulated with Continuous flooding with standing water?

A

adjusted regularly to the desired depth

49
Q

Involves shallow, medium, or deep flooding

A

Continuous flooding with flowing water

50
Q

How is water level regulated with Continuous flooding with standing water?

A

Water level is regulated by the height of the spillways

51
Q

How is intermittent irrigation done?

A

Flooding is done rapidly for 4-7 days then water is completely drained until the next irrigation period

52
Q

Involves impounding rainwater water in the field for the entire cropping period

A

Rainfed water management

53
Q

The combined application of water and nutrients to a crop

A

Fertigation Systems

54
Q

A mix of fertilizer application and irrigation

A

Fertigation Systems

55
Q

Where is fertigation systems most common?

A

cash-crop

56
Q

What are the advantages of fertigation systems

A
  • Better nutrients absorption by plants
  • More efficient use of fertilizer, chemicals, and water
  • Less leaching of chemicals into the water supply
  • Increases the root mass’s leading to a better ability to trap and hold water
  • Application of nutrients can be regulated at the time and rate necessary
  • Less chance of roots contracting soil-borne diseases
  • Reduced soil erosion
57
Q

What are the methods of soil conservation?

A

● Zero or minimum tillage
● Cover cropping
● Mulching
● Enriching the soil’s organic matter (composting, green manuring)

LSE (6 decks)

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