Lesson 6- Sampling Techniques Flashcards
What is meant by target population?
The term used to describe the group of people who researchers are studying and want to generalise their results to
What is random sampling?
A type of sampling where every member of the target population has a chance of being selected
How can random sampling be conducted?
By putting names in a hat and drawing out the sample required
What are the advantages of random sampling?
-The sample is likely to be representative and therefore results can be generalised to the target population
What are the disadvantages of random sampling?
-Time consuming
May end up with an unrepresentative sample
Some may refuse to take part
What is Systematic sampling
A sampling technique where participants are selected by taking every Nth person from a list
Advantages of systematic sampling
-Simpler than random sampling
Disadvantages of systematic sampling
Not always truly random as the selection process can interact with a hidden periodic trait
For example if every 10th person is a 19 year old shop worker, then they are the only people in the sample.
What is stratified sampling?
A type of sampling which involves classifying the target population into categories and then RANDOMLY choosing a sample that consists of participants from each category, in the same proportions as they appear in the target population.
What are the advantages of stratified sampling?
-All groups within a target population are included
What are the disadvantages of stratified sampling?
-Time consuming as the categories have to be INDENTIFIED as well as CALCULATED
What is opportunity sampling?
involves selecting participants who are readily available and willing to take part
What are the advantages of opportunity sampling?
This is the easiest and most practical method of ensuring LARGE samples
What are the disadvantages of opportunity sampling?
-High chance that the sample will not be representative of the TARGET POPULATION
-Indviduals may also feel obliged to take part in a research even when they dont necessarily want to, creating ethical issues
What is Volunteer sampling?
Type of sampling where participants self-select to become part of a study because they volunteer when asked.
