Lesson 6-7: Methods of Philosophizing Flashcards
THEORIES OF TRUTH
This idea holds that a statement or belief is valid if it conforms to or adequately portrays objective reality.
Correspondence Theory of Truth
Example: Weather Forecast
THEORIES OF TRUTH
Truth is concerned with the connection between a claim and the world’s facts
Correspondence Theory of Truth
Example: Weather Forecast
THEORIES OF TRUTH
A statement or opinion is valid if it logically aligns with other words or concepts within an orderly framework of thought
Coherence Theory of Truth
Example: Legal Case
THEORIES OF TRUTH
According to this viewpoint, truth is a matter of internal consistency and logical harmony.
Coherence Theory of Truth
Example: Legal Case
THEORIES OF TRUTH
Suggests that the truth of a statement or belief is determined by its practical consequences or usefulness.
Pragmatic Theory of Truth
Example: Medical Diagnosis
THEORIES OF TRUTH
In this view, truth is what works or leads to successful outcomes in practice
Pragmatic Theory of Truth
Example: Medical Diagnosis
THEORIES OF TRUTH
Reduces the complexity of reality to a simplistic or unimportant idea.
Deflationary Theory of Truth
Example: Everyday Conversations
THEORIES OF TRUTH
Most individuals in a particular society or situation agree on what is acknowledged as correct.
Consensus Theory of Truth
THEORIES OF TRUTH
It contends that stating “X is true” is comparable to saying “X” itself, transforming truth into a verbal or logical concept rather than a substantive one.
Deflationary Theory of Truth
Example: Everyday Conversations
THEORIES OF TRUTH
According to this idea, truth is defined by the meaning of words and phrases.
Semantic Theory of Truth
Example: Mathematical Equation
THEORIES OF TRUTH
According to this viewpoint, truth is defined by a consensus or agreement among a group or community.
Consensus Theory of Truth
THEORIES OF TRUTH
They regard truth as a fundamental, self-evident, or self-explanatory concept
Primitivist Theory of Truth
Example: Philosophical Existentialism
THEORIES OF TRUTH
The quality of truth is possessed by assertions or propositions that appropriately represent the words’ purposes.
Semantic Theory of Truth
Example: Mathematical Equation
THEORIES OF TRUTH
According to some philosophers, truth is a basic notion that cannot be defined in terms of other concepts.
Primitivist Theory of Truth
Example: Philosophical Existentialism
THEORIES OF TRUTH
Individuals or communities construct or produce truth through their ideas, perspectives, and experiences.
Constructivist Theory of Truth
Example: Art Interpretation
THEORIES OF TRUTH
Human intellect and interpretation are viewed as the source of truth
Constructivist Theory of Truth
Example: Art Interpretation
THEORIES OF TRUTH
Some philosophies and belief systems assert the presence of primordial or absolute truths that are transcendent and timeless, beyond human observation and interpretation.
Primal Theory of Truth
Example: Sanctity of Human Life
THEORIES OF TRUTH
These truths are frequently regarded as fundamental or holy.
Primal Theory of Truth
Example: Sanctity of Human Life
It is a process of determining the truth, concluding a statement using various philosophical methods.
Methods of Philosophizing
FOUR METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING
It is a method of coming up with a conclusion from an exchange of contradicting logical arguments. As a dialogue process, dialectics aims to clarify controversial notions and ideas with other people. In this process, personal and shared conceptions should be considered and corrected.
Dialectic Method
FOUR METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING
In this process, statements are deconstructed or questioned to come up with the actual truth that is believed to rest on the roots of the argument. Conflicting ideas are seen as invalid sources of the truth, and probing questions are immediately derived from the given statements.
Socratic Method
It is a process which we can employ to distinguish truth from opinion. By using different methods of philosophizing, we will be able to arrive at truth.
Philosophizing
FOUR METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING
It is also called empirical method, is a process of determining truth or knowledge through experimentation, inductive and deductive reasoning, and hypothesis or theory testing.
Scientific Method
FOUR METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING
It is gathering evidence, examining it, and formulating ideas about the past to develop present truths. Learning the truth is simply through looking at records to validate the current hypothesis.
Historical Method
It is the careful, reflective, rational, and systematic approach to questions of very general interest. It means understanding philosophy and refraining from merely giving claims through careful thought, one reason through argumentation.
Critical Thinking
