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VZOO LEC EXAM > Lesson 5d. Bilateral Acoelomates > Flashcards

Lesson 5d. Bilateral Acoelomates Flashcards

1
Q

Animals that seek food, shelter, home sites, and nates require a different set of strategies and radially symmetrical sessile

A

Phylum platyhelminthes: flatworms

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2
Q

An evolution that has concentrating sense organs in the head region

A

Cephalization

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3
Q

Evolution that says it is divided along only 1 plane of symmetry to yield 2 mirror image

A

Bilateral symmetry

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4
Q

Only one internal space, the digestive cavity, without coelom

A

Acoelomates

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5
Q

Have 3 germ layers (endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm)

A

Triploblastic

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6
Q

The blastopore becomes the mouth

A

Protostomes

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7
Q

It has one opening

A

Incomplete gut

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8
Q

Mm to m in length, some free living, others parasitic

A

Phylum platyhelminthes

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9
Q

3 class of platyhelminthes

A

Class trematoda, cestoda, turbellaria

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10
Q

Free living forms, most are bottom dwellers in marine/freshwater

A

Class turbellaria

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11
Q

Found in streams, pool, and hot springs

A

Freshwater planarians

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12
Q

They are limited to moist places

A

Terrestrial flatworms

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13
Q

Most turbellaria have ____, ciliated ___ on the basement membrane

A

Cellular
Epidermis

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14
Q

Most turbellarians have ______

A

Dual-gland adhesive organs

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15
Q

Fasten microvilli of other cells to substrate

A

Viscid gland cells

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16
Q

Secretion of ___ provides a quick chemical detachment

A

Gland cells

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17
Q

Carnivorous and detect food by chemoreceptors

A

Planaria

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18
Q

Wrap themselves around prey and extend the pharynx to suck up food

A

Planaria

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19
Q

Feed on host cells, cellular debris, and body flyids

A

Trematodes (parasitic flukes)

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20
Q

Rely on hosts digestive tract and absorb digested nutrients

A

Cestodes(tapeworm)

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21
Q

Flatworms have a kidney called____, used for osmoregulation

A

Protonephridia

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22
Q

It resembles nerve net of cnidarians

A

Subepidermal nerve plexus

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23
Q

Bilobed cerebral ganglion (mass of nerve cells) anterior to the ventral nerve cords

A

Brain

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24
Q

Sense organ: present in turbellarians, and larval trematodes, light-sensitive eyespots

A

Ocelli

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25
Q

Sense organ: abundant

A

Tactile and chemoreceptive cells

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26
Q

Sense organ: equilibrium and sense of direction of water current

A

Statocysts and rheoreceptors

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27
Q

Many turbellarians constrict behind the pharynx and separate into two animals, each half regenerates the missing part

A

Fission

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28
Q

If tail/head are cut off, each grows the missing parts; it retains polarity

A

Regeneration

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29
Q

Nearly all turbellarians are monoecious but they ____

A

Cross-fertilize

30
Q

One or more testes are connected to one vas deferens (runs to a seminal vesicle)

A

Male structure

31
Q

Nipple-like penis or extensible tentacles

A

Copulatory organ

32
Q

Develop male and female organs opening at a common pore

A

Turbellarians

33
Q

Free-living, range from 5mm -50 cm, move by cilia, glide over a slime track secreted by adhesive glands

A

Class turbellaria

34
Q

Parasitic flukes, resembles turbellaria but the tegument (skin) lacks cilia in adults, sense organs are poorly developed

A

Class trematoda

35
Q

Trematoda life cycle

A

Egg- definitive host- miracidium- sporocyst- rediae- cercariae- metacercaria

36
Q

Free swimming ciliated larva

A

Miracidium

37
Q

Juvenile flukes

A

Metacercaria

38
Q

Adult flukes live in bile passageways in the liver of sheep

A

Sheep liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica *italicized)

39
Q

Process of sheep liver fluke

A

Egg
Passed in feces
Miracidia enters the snail
Becomes sporocysts
Two generations of rediae
Cercariae encyst on vegetation
Metacercaria, when eaten

40
Q

MOst important han liver fluke

A

Clonorchis sinensis (italicized

41
Q

It is common in china Japan southeast Asia (bicol)

A

Clonorchis sinensis (italicized): human liver fluke

42
Q

Also infects cats, dogs, pigs, 10-20mm long with oral and ventral sucker (adult)

A

Clonorchis sinensis (italicized): human liver fluke

43
Q

Clonorchis life cycle

A

Adults live in bile passageway
Egg completes miracidium
Eaten by snail to form sporocyst
Produce rediae
Turns to tadpole-like cercariae
Metacercariae cyst
Cyst goes to the bile duct

44
Q

How to control human liver fluke

A

Destroy snails and thoroughly cook fish

45
Q

This are blood flukes

A

Schistosoma

46
Q

Over 200 million people infested with ____ which is common in africa, south America, west indies, middle and far east

A

Schistosomiasis (italicized)

47
Q

It has separate sexes with 3 species varied with location;

A

Schistosoma
-large intestine
-small intestine
-urinary bladder

48
Q

Schistosoma life cycle

A

Egg discharged in feces/urine
Hatch as a ciliated miracidia
Snail transforms it to sporocyst
Produce cercariae
Penetrates the skin
Enters blood vessels to hepatic portal blood vessels
Develop in the liver

49
Q

Eggs that remain behind become center of

A

Inflammation

50
Q

How to control blood flukes

A

Proper disposal of human wastes

51
Q

A swimmer’s itch that occurs when cercariae penetrate an unsuitable host causing inflammation or itch

A

Schistosoma dermatitis

52
Q

Its normal host many be bird or others

A

Schistosoma dermatitis

53
Q

In class cestoda, these have long flat bodies with scolex

A

Tapeworms

54
Q

Holdfast structure with suckers and hooks

A

Scolex

55
Q

Scolex is followed by a linear series of reproductive units or

A

Proglottids

56
Q

They lack digestive system and sensory organs except for cilia

A

Class cestoda

57
Q

______ is has no cilia

A

Tegument

58
Q

Entire surface of cestodes is covered with ____ similar to microvilli seen in intestines

A

Projection (microtriches)

59
Q

Increases the surface area for food absorption

A

Microtriches

60
Q

Require two host which adult is parasitic in the digestive tract

A

Class cestoda

61
Q

How many species of tapeworms are known

A

1000 species

62
Q

Most do little harm to host

A

Tapeworms

63
Q

It is a beef tapeworm

A

Taenia saginata (italicized)

64
Q

Lives as an adult in digestive canals of human, juvenile form found in intermuscular tissue of ______

A

Taenia saginata (italicized)
Cattle

65
Q

______ has 4suckers but no hooks
_______ pass in feces, single ______ rupture as they dry

A

Scolex
Gravid proglottids (with shelled, infective larvae
Proglottids

66
Q

Beef tapeworm life cycle

A

Cattle swallow larvae hatch as oncospheres
Oncospheres use hooks to burrow in intestinal wall
Encyst to become bladder worms
Meat is eaten, cyst wall dissolves
Scolex invaginates to attach to intestinal wall
New proglottids develop in 2-3weeks

67
Q

How to avoid beef tapeworm

A

Eat only thoroughly cooked beef

68
Q

Pork tapeworm

A

Taenia solium (italicized)

69
Q

Fish tapeworm

A

Diphyllobothrium latum(italicized)

70
Q

Unicellular hydatid

A

Echinococcus granulosus (italicized)

VZOO LEC EXAM (5 decks)

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