Lesson 5a. Protozoan Group Flashcards
Diverse assemblage with mixed affinities
Protozoa
3 characteristics of protozoa
They lack a cell wall
They have at least one motile stage
Most ingest their food
One criteria for metazoa
Embryonic development
Members of __________ have a stiffening rod composed of microtobules, the ___________
Axostylata, axostyle
Members of the class ___________ have a __________, which is a golgi apparatus connected by a fiber to one of the kinetosomes
Parabasalea, parabasal body
Trichomonadida posses ________
Hydrogeneosomes
Organelles analogous to mitochondria but which produce molecular hydrogen when oxygen is absent
Hydrogeneosomes
It infects the urogenital tract of humans and is sexually transmitted
Trichomonas vaginalis (italicized)
Lack both mitochondria and golgi bodies
Retortamonds
Includes two subgroups of a protozoa that move by either pseudopodia or flagella
Phylum sarcomastigophora
The flagellated protozoa
Subphylum mastigophora
Divided into class phytomastiophorea with chlorophyll and animal like zoomastigophorea without chlorophyll
Subphylum mastigophora
The amoeba and relatives
Phylum sarcodina
The other 3 parts of subphylum mastigophora
Some are naked and some have shells
Radiolaria
Foraminifera
Subphylum actinopoda
Rhizopoda
Third representative type
Subphylum kinetoplasta
Lack chromoplasts and have holozoic or saprozoic nutrition
Zooflagellates
Important genus of protozoan parasites; some are not pathogenic
Trypanosoma
Cause african sleeping sickness in humans
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
Causes a related disease in domestic animal
Trypanosoma brucei brucei
Trypanosoma are transmitted by
Tsetse flies
Causes chagas disease in central and south America
Trypanosoma cruzi (italicized)
Carried by a bug and causes nervous system problem
Trypanosoma cruzi
Cause visceral disease in humans; transmitted by sand flies
Leishmania (italicized) species
Live in the cecum, colon, mouth and urogenital tracts of human
Trichomonas (italicized)
4th representative type
Subphylum sarcodina
In the superclass rhizopoda, most commonly studied
Amoeba proteus (italicized)
Freshwater but require a substratum on which to crawl
Subphylum sarcodina
Encloses the ectoplasm and endoplasm
Cell membrane
This can be seen by microscope in subphylum sarcodina
Nucleus, contractile vacuole, and vesicles
Feeds on algae, protozoa, rotifers by phagocytosis; food vacoules exist 15-30 hours
Ameba
Reproduction of subphylum sarcodina
Binary fission using mitosis
Lives in the human large intestine and attack the intestinal wall with enzymes= diarrhea
Entamoeba histolytica (italicized)
_______________ in the intestine and _____________ in the mouth are not disease agents
Entamoeba coli, E. Gingivalis (italicized)
Shelled rhizopods found mainly in oceans; have complex haploid and diploid
Foraminiferans
Live on forest detritus; form a ____________
Slime molds in class eumycetozoa, pseudoplasmodium
Reproduce by binary fission, budding and sporulation
Radiolarians
Large blunt extensions of the cell body containing both endoplasm and ectoplasm
Lobopodia
Thin extensions containing only ectoplasm;these are seen in class filosea
Filopodia
Repeatedly rejoin to form a netlike mesh
Reticulopodia
Microtubules that support these long thin pseudopodia
Axial rods of microtubules
Flows away from the body on one side and toward the body on the other
Cytoplasm
Consists of the freshwater class heliozea and three marine classes of radiolarians
Actinopoda
Oldest known protozoa; they are pelagic and live in shallow water
Radiolarians
All phylum apicomplexa are_________
Endoparasites
Occur in some stages; gametes may be flagellated and contractile fibrils may form waves to propel it through liquid
Pseudopodia
Most important class; it contains three subclasses
Sporozoea
Subclass of sporozoea: common parasites of invertebrates but are of little economic port
Gregarinia/Gregarines
Subclass of sporozoea: includes some veterinary parasites
Piroplasmia
It causes Texas red-water fever in cattle
Babesia bigemina
Subclass of sporozoea: important intracellular parasites in both invertebrate and vertebrates
Coccidia
A genus that causes coccidiosis
Eimeria
Infection that is mild unless the immune system is weak, as in AIDS patients
Isospora
Often fatal to young owl
Eimeria tenela (italicized)
A parasite of cats
Toxoplasma gondii
The zoites enclose in tough tissue cysts called
Bradyzoites
Serious threat during pregnancy
Toxoplasmosis
Most important infectious disease of humans
Malaria
_____________ carry all forms; the female injects the ___________ in her saliva
Anopheles mosquito, plasmodium
Penetrate liver cells and initiate schizogony
Sporozoites
More conventional classification presentation:
Phylum Apicomplexa (Sporozoa)
-Class Gregarinea
-Class Coccidea
Phylum Mastigophora (Flagellata)
*Dinoflagellata
______________ it includes with the algal forms aften called ___________ and animal form called _____________ (trypanosoma and giardia)
Dinoflagellata
Phytomastigophora
Zoomastigophora
Major departure from the Eleventh Edition
(Hausmann and Hulsmann, 1996)
Phylum Chlorophyta
Phylum Retortamonada
-Class Doplomonadea
-Order Diplomonadida
Phylum Axostylata
-Class Parabasalea
-Order Trichomonadida
Phylum Euglenozoa
Subphylum Euglenida
-Class Euglenoidea
Subphylum Kinetoplasta
-Class Trypanosomatidea
Process of their eating, food vacuoles exist 15-30 hrs
Phagocytosis
Hard shells of foraminiferans and radiolarians have been preserved since
Precambrian times
1/3 of the sea bottom ooze in the Atlantic consists of
Globigerina shells
This is found in England, segmentary sarcodina deposits that were uplifted
White cliffs of dover
A feature of phylum apicomplexa
Apical complex
Under ______ in intestinal cells; the zygote forms an ________ that passes in the feces and releases _____________ when ingested by next host
Schizogony
Oocyst
8 sporozoites
Mosquito that carries dengue
Female aedes aegypti mosquito
