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VZOO LEC EXAM > Lesson 5b. Phylum Porifera > Flashcards

Lesson 5b. Phylum Porifera Flashcards

1
Q

Origin of metazoan

A

Sponges and placozoans

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2
Q

Evolution of eukaryotic cell followed by diversity

A

Evolution of Metazoa

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3
Q

Solitary or colonial aquatic eukaryotes, earliest known animal living

A

Choanoflagellates

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4
Q

What is the cell of choanoflagellates

A

Choanocyte

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5
Q

Each cell has a _____ surrounded by a collar of _____

A

Flagellum
Microvilli

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6
Q

It collects bacteria in choanoflagellates

A

Microvilli

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7
Q

Much debates whether _____ are ancestral of _______

A

Sponge choanocyte
Choanoflagellates

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8
Q

They are filter feeders

A

Sessile sponges

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9
Q

It means pore-bearing

A

Porifera

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10
Q

Sac-like bodies perforated by many pores

A

Porifera

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11
Q

What do porifera use to move in water

A

Flagellated collar cells or choanocytes

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12
Q

Approximately _____ species of sponges

A

15,000

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13
Q

Modern descendants of metazoa

A

Protozoa, plus multicellular animals

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14
Q

This are multicellular animals

A

Metazoans

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15
Q

Few live in ____, _____ in fresh water

A

Brackish water
150

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16
Q

_____ are free swimming, _____ always attached

A

Embryo
Adult sponges

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17
Q

Many live as ______ or _____ in or on sponges

A

Commensals
Parasites

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18
Q

Sponges may have an elaborate ______ and often have a ______

A

Skeletal structure
Noxious odor

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19
Q

Skeletal structure of a sponge can be ____and/or _____

A

Fibrous
Rigid

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20
Q

Rigid skeleton consists of _____ or ______

A

Calcareous (calcium bicarbonate)
Siliceous spicules (silicon)

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21
Q

Body opening consist of small incurrent ____ or _____

A

Pores
Dermal ostia

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22
Q

Flagellated collar cells

A

Choanocytes

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23
Q

It is directed past the choanocytes where food particles are collected

A

Water

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24
Q

Keep the current flowing by beating of _____

A

Flagella

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25
Q

3 Types of Canal system

A

Asconoid
Syconoids
Leuconoids

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26
Q

This the the flagellated spongocoels

A

Asconoids

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27
Q

A canal that has the simplest body form with small and tube shaped body

A

Asconoids

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28
Q

Water enters a large cavity called

A

Spongocoel

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29
Q

All _____ are asconoids

A

Calcarea

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30
Q

Example of asconoid

A

Leucosolenia
Clathrina

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31
Q

This is the flagellated canals

A

Syconoids

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32
Q

Resembles asconoids but larger with a thicker body wall

A

Syconoids

33
Q

It contains choanocyte lined radial canals that empty into spongocoel

A

Wall

34
Q

In syconoids, where is the spongocoel lined with

A

Epithelial cells

35
Q

In syconoids, what digests the food

A

Choanocytes

36
Q

These are the flagellated chambers

A

Leuconoids

37
Q

Most complex canal and larger with many oscula

A

Leuconoids

38
Q

_______ are filled from incurrent canals, and discharged to excurrent canals

A

Clusters of flagellated chambers

39
Q

Most sponges are

A

Leuconoid

40
Q

It evolves independently many times in sponges

A

Leuconoid system

41
Q

How many liters do large sponges filter per day

A

1500 liters

42
Q

The gelatinous matrix where the sponge cells are arranged

A

Mesophyl

43
Q

Oval cells with one end embedded in mesophyl

A

Choanocytes

44
Q

Choanocytes forms a ____ to strain food

A

Fine filtering device

45
Q

Cell that move about in the mesophyl

A

Archaeocytes

46
Q

Phagocytize particles that can differentiate into any other type of cell

A

Archaeocytes

47
Q

Cell that forms pinacoderm

A

Pinacocytes

48
Q

Flat epithelial-like cells and they are somewhat contractile

A

Pinacocytes

49
Q

Cell that helps regulate the flow of water

A

Pinacocytes

50
Q

This is the cell independence

A

Regeneration

51
Q

Sponges have a great ability to ____ lost parts and _____ injuries

A

Regenerate
Repair

52
Q

Regeneration following _____ is one means of asexual reproduction

A

Fragmentation

53
Q

In phylum porifera, asexual reproduction can occur by ______

A

Bud formation

54
Q

Small individuals that break off after attaining a certain size

A

External buds

55
Q

Formed by archaeocytes that collect in mesophyl

A

Internal buds or gemmules

56
Q

Coated with tough spongin and spicules

A

Internal buds or gemmules

57
Q

Sexual reproduction of phylum porifera

A

Monoecious/hermaphrodites

58
Q

Free-swimming larva of sponges

A

Solid parenchymula

59
Q

What are the 3 class of phylum porifera

A

Class calcarea
Class hexactinellida
Class demospongiae

60
Q

Calcareous sponges with spicules of calcium carbonate

A

Class calcarea (calcispongiae)

61
Q

Its spicules are straight or have 3/4 rays with small tubular or vase shapes

A

Class calcarea(calcispongiae)

62
Q

Many are drab in color, but some are bright ____,_____,___,___, or,_____

A

Yellow
Green
Red
Lavender

63
Q

These are marine shallow-water

A

Leucosolenia and sycon

64
Q

Class that forms asconoid, syconoid, leuconoid body

A

Class calcarea (calcispongiae)

65
Q

Glass sponges with 6-rated spicules of silica

A

Class hexactonellida (hyalospongiae)

66
Q

Nearly all are deep-sea form and most are radially symmetrical

A

Class hexactinellida (hyalospongiae)

67
Q

Class that corresponds to both syconoid and leuconoid type

A

Class hexactinellida (hyalospongiae)

68
Q

Contains 95% of living sponge species

A

Class demospongiae

69
Q

Its spicules are siliceous but not 6 rayed
- absent or bound together by ______

A

Class demospongiae
Spongin

70
Q

Class that forms leuconoid body

A

Class demospongiae

71
Q

It is the freshwater sponges

A

Spongillidae

72
Q

Widely distributed in well-oxygenated ponds and springs and reproduce sexually

A

Freshwater sponges

73
Q

They are highly varied in color and shape

A

Marine demosponges

74
Q

It lacks siliceous spicules with spongin skeletons

A

Bath sponges

75
Q

Sponges appeared before the

A

Cambrian

76
Q

Sponges that expanded in the devonian

A

Glass sponges

77
Q

A theory that says sponges arose from choanoflagellates

A

One theory

78
Q

Molecular rRNA evidence suggests

A

Common ancestor for choanoflagellates and metazoans

VZOO LEC EXAM (5 decks)

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