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VZOO LEC EXAM > Lesson 5b. Phylum Porifera > Flashcards

Lesson 5b. Phylum Porifera Flashcards

1
Q

Origin of metazoan

A

Sponges and placozoans

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2
Q

Evolution of eukaryotic cell followed by diversity

A

Evolution of Metazoa

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3
Q

Solitary or colonial aquatic eukaryotes, earliest known animal living

A

Choanoflagellates

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4
Q

What is the cell of choanoflagellates

A

Choanocyte

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5
Q

Each cell has a _____ surrounded by a collar of _____

A

Flagellum
Microvilli

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6
Q

It collects bacteria in choanoflagellates

A

Microvilli

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7
Q

Much debates whether _____ are ancestral of _______

A

Sponge choanocyte
Choanoflagellates

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8
Q

They are filter feeders

A

Sessile sponges

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9
Q

It means pore-bearing

A

Porifera

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10
Q

Sac-like bodies perforated by many pores

A

Porifera

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11
Q

What do porifera use to move in water

A

Flagellated collar cells or choanocytes

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12
Q

Approximately _____ species of sponges

A

15,000

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13
Q

Modern descendants of metazoa

A

Protozoa, plus multicellular animals

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14
Q

This are multicellular animals

A

Metazoans

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15
Q

Few live in ____, _____ in fresh water

A

Brackish water
150

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16
Q

_____ are free swimming, _____ always attached

A

Embryo
Adult sponges

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17
Q

Many live as ______ or _____ in or on sponges

A

Commensals
Parasites

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18
Q

Sponges may have an elaborate ______ and often have a ______

A

Skeletal structure
Noxious odor

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19
Q

Skeletal structure of a sponge can be ____and/or _____

A

Fibrous
Rigid

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20
Q

Rigid skeleton consists of _____ or ______

A

Calcareous (calcium bicarbonate)
Siliceous spicules (silicon)

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21
Q

Body opening consist of small incurrent ____ or _____

A

Pores
Dermal ostia

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22
Q

Flagellated collar cells

A

Choanocytes

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23
Q

It is directed past the choanocytes where food particles are collected

A

Water

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24
Q

Keep the current flowing by beating of _____

A

Flagella

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25
3 Types of Canal system
Asconoid Syconoids Leuconoids
26
This the the flagellated spongocoels
Asconoids
27
A canal that has the simplest body form with small and tube shaped body
Asconoids
28
Water enters a large cavity called
Spongocoel
29
All _____ are asconoids
Calcarea
30
Example of asconoid
Leucosolenia Clathrina
31
This is the flagellated canals
Syconoids
32
Resembles asconoids but larger with a thicker body wall
Syconoids
33
It contains choanocyte lined radial canals that empty into spongocoel
Wall
34
In syconoids, where is the spongocoel lined with
Epithelial cells
35
In syconoids, what digests the food
Choanocytes
36
These are the flagellated chambers
Leuconoids
37
Most complex canal and larger with many oscula
Leuconoids
38
_______ are filled from incurrent canals, and discharged to excurrent canals
Clusters of flagellated chambers
39
Most sponges are
Leuconoid
40
It evolves independently many times in sponges
Leuconoid system
41
How many liters do large sponges filter per day
1500 liters
42
The gelatinous matrix where the sponge cells are arranged
Mesophyl
43
Oval cells with one end embedded in mesophyl
Choanocytes
44
Choanocytes forms a ____ to strain food
Fine filtering device
45
Cell that move about in the mesophyl
Archaeocytes
46
Phagocytize particles that can differentiate into any other type of cell
Archaeocytes
47
Cell that forms pinacoderm
Pinacocytes
48
Flat epithelial-like cells and they are somewhat contractile
Pinacocytes
49
Cell that helps regulate the flow of water
Pinacocytes
50
This is the cell independence
Regeneration
51
Sponges have a great ability to ____ lost parts and _____ injuries
Regenerate Repair
52
Regeneration following _____ is one means of asexual reproduction
Fragmentation
53
In phylum porifera, asexual reproduction can occur by ______
Bud formation
54
Small individuals that break off after attaining a certain size
External buds
55
Formed by archaeocytes that collect in mesophyl
Internal buds or gemmules
56
Coated with tough spongin and spicules
Internal buds or gemmules
57
Sexual reproduction of phylum porifera
Monoecious/hermaphrodites
58
Free-swimming larva of sponges
Solid parenchymula
59
What are the 3 class of phylum porifera
Class calcarea Class hexactinellida Class demospongiae
60
Calcareous sponges with spicules of calcium carbonate
Class calcarea (calcispongiae)
61
Its spicules are straight or have 3/4 rays with small tubular or vase shapes
Class calcarea(calcispongiae)
62
Many are drab in color, but some are bright ____,_____,___,___, or,_____
Yellow Green Red Lavender
63
These are marine shallow-water
Leucosolenia and sycon
64
Class that forms asconoid, syconoid, leuconoid body
Class calcarea (calcispongiae)
65
Glass sponges with 6-rated spicules of silica
Class hexactonellida (hyalospongiae)
66
Nearly all are deep-sea form and most are radially symmetrical
Class hexactinellida (hyalospongiae)
67
Class that corresponds to both syconoid and leuconoid type
Class hexactinellida (hyalospongiae)
68
Contains 95% of living sponge species
Class demospongiae
69
Its spicules are siliceous but not 6 rayed - absent or bound together by ______
Class demospongiae Spongin
70
Class that forms leuconoid body
Class demospongiae
71
It is the freshwater sponges
Spongillidae
72
Widely distributed in well-oxygenated ponds and springs and reproduce sexually
Freshwater sponges
73
They are highly varied in color and shape
Marine demosponges
74
It lacks siliceous spicules with spongin skeletons
Bath sponges
75
Sponges appeared before the
Cambrian
76
Sponges that expanded in the devonian
Glass sponges
77
A theory that says sponges arose from choanoflagellates
One theory
78
Molecular rRNA evidence suggests
Common ancestor for choanoflagellates and metazoans

VZOO LEC EXAM (5 decks)

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