Lesson 5c. Radiate Animals Flashcards
Radiate animals include two phylum
Phylum cnidaria
Phylum ctenophora
Phyla characterized by radial or biradial symmetry and their body are arranged around a central axis
Radiate animals
Body can be divided into mirrored halves only along 2 planes through central axis
Biradial symmetry
Both have two well-developed germ layers
Endoderm and ectoderm
Internal body cavity with a single opening (mouth and anus)
Gastrovascular cavity
Simplest form of true nerve cells
Protoneurons
They have the simplest form of sense organs
Radiates
Maintain equilibrium and ocelli
Statocysts
Radiates can move by ____ or _____
Muscular contractions
Ciliary comb plates
3 classes of phylum Cnidaria
Class hydrozoa
Class scyphozoa
Class anthozoa
All are aquatic and radial symmetry, sessile or floating
Phylum Cnidaria
Type of body form that is tubular body with tentacles
Ex: hydra
Polyp
Type of body form that is bell shaped and free swimming
Ex: jellyfish
Medusa
This has representatives like hydra, obelia, Portuguese man-of-war
Class hydrozoa
Class hydrozoa: a medusa form has a ______( ring of tissue that is found at the base of the tentacles)
Velum
They are freshwater hydrozoa, sessile polyps, lives underside of aquatic leaves, 16 species found in North America
Hydra
Length of 25-30 mm with cylindrical tube with stalk like end and an attachment end
Hydra
Attachment end that contains gland cells to allow adhesion
Basal disk
It has 6-10 tentacles that are hollow and extendable and contain nematocyst (stinging cells)
Hydra
Outer layer or epidermis; contains 5 types of cells
Ectoderm
Cell that is responsible for muscular contractions
Epitheliomuscular cells
Undifferentiated stem cells that become most other types of cells
Interstitial cells
Cell that secretes an adhesive substance that aids in the attachment process
Gland cells
Cell that contain nematocyst
Cnidocytes
Cell with multipolar neurons
Nerve cells
Gastrodermis; inner layer that contains muscular, gland, and interstitial cells
Endoderm
Jelly-like substance found b/w ectoderm and endoderm
Mesoglea
Floats and moves by somersaulting motion
Locomotion of hydra
When disturbed, it will contract and form a small ball
Response of hydra
It has no brain, through budding or regeneration, occurs when temporary gonads develop in the autumn
Hydra
It means cup animal
Scyphozoa
Representative of class scyphozoa
Jellyfish (aurelia)
_____ is for sexual reproduction. Zygote develops into a ____ which swims around and then settles to form the ____
Medusa form
Planula larva
Polyp form
It has Tentacles of the medusa have nematocysts that give humans painful stings
Jellyfish
All jellyfish contain a
Toxin
Considered to be more dangerous
Box jellies
Considered most deadly of the jellyfish
Irukandji
1 cm³ (largest) , many are 5mm or less
They are in Australia’s coast
Irukandji
Means flower animal
Class anthozoa
Representative: sea anemone, coral
Class anthozoa
Class that Lack medusa stage
All marine (deep and shallow water)
Solitary/colonial
Anthozoa
Contain large gastrovascular cavity that is separated by division called
Septa
Inward projections of the body wall
Septa
Polyps of sea anemone are _____ and ___ than hydrozoan polyps
Larger
Heavier
Attach to shells, rocks, or timber by pedal discs. Some in mud/sand
Sea anemone
Sea A: what surrounds the flat oral disc
Crown of tentacles
Sea a: this leads into a pharynx
Slit-shaped mouth
Sea a: it is divided into six pairs of primary septa
Gastrovascular cavity
Sea anemone have ___ that protects them from triggering nematocyst
Skin mucus
Display only the polyp body form
Has large economic value
Corals
Suffering from global warming and high concentrations of carbon dioxide
Coral reefs
What remains when coral dies?
Produce coral reefs and can also be used to create Jewelry?
Hard skeleton
Skeleton
5 characteristics of ctenophora
Marine found in warm waters
Formed from 8 rows of comblike plate in locomotion
Radial and biradial symmetry
Endoderm, ectoderm, mesoglea between
No nematocyst, have colloblasts
Adhesive cells that are used to capture prey
Colloblasts
Class that Has tentacles that may or may not have sheaths into which they retract
Class tentacula
Some have flattened tentacles for creeping
Class tentacula
Body is 1.5-2 cm and has sense organ called _____ near the mouth opening
Class tentacula
Statocyst
8 equally spaced bands called_____
Long fused cilia called ______
- movement: wavelike beating of cilia
Comb rows
Comb plate
It has two tentacles (very long and extensible) , the surface of the tentacles are covered with colloblasts (glue cells)
Class tentacula
Gastrovascular system of class tentacula consists of
Mouth, pharynx, stomach, gastrovascular canals
Digestion of class tentacula is both _____
Undigested waste leaves the body through ____
Extracellular and intracellular
2 anal canals
This both occurs through the body surface in class tentacula
Respiration and excretion
Representative of class tentacula
Representative: Pleurobrachia
