Lesson 5.2: Earthquake and Earthquake Hazards

Question 1

made up of different plates that constantly move, and this movement gives rise to earthquakes

Answer 1

Earth

Question 2

the sudden movement of the ground that releases elastic energy in rocks and generates seismic waves

Answer 2

earthquakes

Question 3

the seismic waves move outward from the ________________ and cause vibrations to the ground

Answer 3

“source”

Question 4

fractures on the Earth’s crust where rocks on one side of the break move past the rocks on the other side

Answer 4

fault

Question 5

the spot where the earthquake began

Answer 5

focus

Question 6

the point on the Earth’s surface located directly above the focus on an earthquake

Answer 6

epicenter

Question 7

can be anything that includes a physical phenomenon associated with an earthquake that may produce adverse effects on human activities

Answer 7

earthquake hazards

Question 8

the natural phenomena that might impact an area or a region

Answer 8

hazard

Question 9

are there regardless of whether there is anyone present to experience them or not

Answer 9

hazard

Question 10

anything that could potentially be lost when the hazard occurs

Answer 10

risk

Question 11

measure in terms of units of energy and strength of the shaking

Answer 11

hazard

Question 12

measured in fatalities or amount of damage

Answer 12

risk

Question 13

2 classifications of earthquakes

Answer 13

primary and secondary hazards

Question 14

the direct results of the movement of the ground

Answer 14

primary earthquake hazards

Question 15

the 4 primary earthquake hazards

Answer 15

1. ground shaking
2. landslides
3. liquefaction
4. surface rupture

Question 16

served as the director of PHILVOCS from 1983 to 2002

Answer 16

Dr. Raymundo Santiago Punongbayan

Question 17

2 issues of Dr. Punongbayan

Answer 17

June 1990, earthquake
June 1991, Mt. Pinatubo

Question 18

describes the vibration of the ground when an earthquake occurs, usually recorded in terms of intensity

Answer 18

ground shaking

Question 19

causes of ground shaking

Answer 19

seismic waves, buildings, bridges, and other structures

Question 20

occurs if the ground is saturated with water

Answer 20

landslide

Question 21

includes a wide range of ground movement such as rock fall, rock slide, debris slide, and shallow debris flow

Answer 21

landslide

Question 22

the magnitude strong enough to trigger rock falls

Answer 22

4.0

Question 23

the primary reason for all landslides

Answer 23

gravity acting on a steep slope

Question 24

contributing factors to landslides

Answer 24

• rock and soil slopes
• excess weight from accumulation of rain
• weak slopes
• oversteepened slopes

Question 25

occurs when sand or soil and groundwater are mixed during the shaking of a moderate or strong earthquake

Answer 25

liquefaction

Question 26

will force open ground cracks in order to escape to the surface

Answer 26

liquefied soil

Question 27

happens at the area where the fault zone moves

Answer 27

ground rupture

Question 28

an offset of the ground surface when fault rupture extends to the surface

Answer 28

surface rupture

Question 29

a zone with variable width where fractures have developed

Answer 29

deformation zones

Question 30

the results of primary hazards, which can prove to be more catastrophic

Answer 30

secondary earthquake hazards

Question 31

4 secondary earthquake hazards

Answer 31

1. tsunami
2. seiche
3. flooding
4. fire

Question 32

refers to a tidal wave, that has little or nothing to do with the tides on the ocean

Answer 32

tsunami

Question 33

the japanese term for tsunami

Answer 33

“big wave”

Question 34

2 types of tsunamis

Answer 34

• locally generated tsunamis
• far field tsunamis

Question 35

caused by earthquakes from nearby trenches

Answer 35

locally generated tsunamis

Question 36

generated by earthquakes from sources that are located farther from the impact

Answer 36

far field tsunamis

Question 37

a standing wave in an enclosed or partially enclosed body of water

Answer 37

seiche

Question 38

apart from incessant rain, this an also be a result of an earthquake

Answer 38

flooding

Question 39

the result of candles or lanterns that were tipped over because of earthquakes

Answer 39

fire