Lesson 5.1: The Moving Earth Flashcards
the number of layers that Earth is divided to and made of solid metals
3
the hottest and innermost layer of the Earth
core
the thick second layer of the Earth
mantle
the thinner layer covering the mantle
crust
the 2 distinct zones that the Earth is classified into
asthenosphere and lithosphere
Earth is further classified into 2 distinct zones based on the __________ and ___________ of the rocks
strength and rigidity
the inner layer which is hotter and is more easily deformed
asthenosphere
the outer layer which is composed of large blocks
lithosphere
the large blocks in lithosphere
tectonic plates
movement of lithosphere
diastrophism
the 4 major oceans in the world
Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic
it triggers an earthquake
fault-crack
how to mitigate an earthquake
- hazard map
- safety measure
a cartographer during the late 1500s noticed that some of the boundaries of the continents seem to fit into the boundaries of other countries
Abraham Ortelius
one of the most prominent pair of continents
Africa and South America
he built the idea that one of the most prominent pair of continents were once connected and are slowly drifting apart through time in coming up with his theory of continental drift
Alfred Wegener
the other evidences Alfred Wegener used
paleontological distributions and geological formations
the geologist and an officer of the US Navy during World War II, suggested that the ocean floor can be viewed as giant conveyor belts that carry the continents in 1960
Harry Hess
Harry Hess calculated the speed at which the continents where spreading at the ________________ to be approximately ______________________
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
2.5 cm per year
to this day, with the use of advanced instruments like _________________________, it has been determined that the plates are actually moving up to __________________________
global positioning system (GPS)
11 cm per year
Harry Hess’s work was formalized in his ________________________
theory of seafloor spreading
geologists have identified ______________ as any fault that is likely to generate another earthquake anytime in the future
active faults
the common consideration for a fault to be active
moved one or several times in the last 10 000 years
the country that is not free from these faults
Philippines
where tectonic plates converge and forms valleys
subduction zones
these plates are pieces of crust that have been moving on the surface of the planet for millions of years
subduction zones
may be made up of single type of crust or a combination of continental crust
tectonic plates
causes a tectonic plate to slide under another plate and sink into the mantle because the denser oceanic crust slides beneath the lighter continental crust
subduction
the results of subduction
volcanic activities, earthquakes, tsunamis
the results when the plates that collide are made up of the same material (continental-continental) then one plate will not slide underneath the other; instead, they both crumple together
formation of mountains (i.e. Himalayas) ——– collision of Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate
the estimated average rate of subduction
between 2 and 8 cm per year
based on the size of the fault it originates from
magnitude of an earthquake
because ____________________ are also the longest and widest faults in the world, they tend to create strong earthquakes
subduction zones
the magnitude in which can result in a tsunami
magnitude 7.0
created when movements in the subduction zones create landslides in the seafloor
tsunami
meaning of MMEIRS
Metro Manila Earthquake Impact Reduction Study
the two objectives of MMEIRS
- evaluate seismic hazards, damages, and vulnerability of Metro Manila
- prepare framework of master plan for earthquake disaster management
the Philippines is situated close to the subduction zone created by the boundary between the ________________________. this boundary resulted in the number of active faults in the Philippines
Philippine Plate and Eurasian Plate
they answered the call coming up with “Operation Metro Yakal”
local agencies, particularly the MMDA
an operation plan that will be followed in case The Big One does happen
“Operation Metro Yakal”
3 types of potential risks for GMMA
flooding, earthquake, and typhoon
the risk that originates from the West Valley Fault
earthquake
used to measure the profile of the landform, including factors such as trees, buildings, and other structures
light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system
where building types and density, population density, land use, and the complex mix of age and type of buildings were shown
digital elevation model (DEM)
often referred as the Father of Modern Geology and believed that Earth was continuously being formed
James Hutton
5 places located at North
Valenzuela
Caloocan
Quezon City
Mandaluyong
San Juan
3 places located at West
Malaban
Navotas
Manila
7 places located at the South
Makati
Pasay
Pateros
Taguig
Paranaque
Las Pinas
Muntinlupa
2 places located at East
Marikina
Pasig
