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DISASTER RISK REDUCTION > Lesson 5.1: The Moving Earth > Flashcards

Lesson 5.1: The Moving Earth Flashcards

1
Q

the number of layers that Earth is divided to and made of solid metals

A

3

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2
Q

the hottest and innermost layer of the Earth

A

core

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3
Q

the thick second layer of the Earth

A

mantle

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4
Q

the thinner layer covering the mantle

A

crust

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5
Q

the 2 distinct zones that the Earth is classified into

A

asthenosphere and lithosphere

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6
Q

Earth is further classified into 2 distinct zones based on the __________ and ___________ of the rocks

A

strength and rigidity

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7
Q

the inner layer which is hotter and is more easily deformed

A

asthenosphere

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8
Q

the outer layer which is composed of large blocks

A

lithosphere

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9
Q

the large blocks in lithosphere

A

tectonic plates

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10
Q

movement of lithosphere

A

diastrophism

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11
Q

the 4 major oceans in the world

A

Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic

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12
Q

it triggers an earthquake

A

fault-crack

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13
Q

how to mitigate an earthquake

A
  • hazard map
  • safety measure
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14
Q

a cartographer during the late 1500s noticed that some of the boundaries of the continents seem to fit into the boundaries of other countries

A

Abraham Ortelius

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15
Q

one of the most prominent pair of continents

A

Africa and South America

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16
Q

he built the idea that one of the most prominent pair of continents were once connected and are slowly drifting apart through time in coming up with his theory of continental drift

A

Alfred Wegener

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17
Q

the other evidences Alfred Wegener used

A

paleontological distributions and geological formations

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18
Q

the geologist and an officer of the US Navy during World War II, suggested that the ocean floor can be viewed as giant conveyor belts that carry the continents in 1960

A

Harry Hess

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19
Q

Harry Hess calculated the speed at which the continents where spreading at the ________________ to be approximately ______________________

A

Mid-Atlantic Ridge
2.5 cm per year

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20
Q

to this day, with the use of advanced instruments like _________________________, it has been determined that the plates are actually moving up to __________________________

A

global positioning system (GPS)
11 cm per year

21
Q

Harry Hess’s work was formalized in his ________________________

A

theory of seafloor spreading

22
Q

geologists have identified ______________ as any fault that is likely to generate another earthquake anytime in the future

A

active faults

23
Q

the common consideration for a fault to be active

A

moved one or several times in the last 10 000 years

24
Q

the country that is not free from these faults

A

Philippines

25
Q

where tectonic plates converge and forms valleys

A

subduction zones

26
Q

these plates are pieces of crust that have been moving on the surface of the planet for millions of years

A

subduction zones

27
Q

may be made up of single type of crust or a combination of continental crust

A

tectonic plates

28
Q

causes a tectonic plate to slide under another plate and sink into the mantle because the denser oceanic crust slides beneath the lighter continental crust

A

subduction

29
Q

the results of subduction

A

volcanic activities, earthquakes, tsunamis

30
Q

the results when the plates that collide are made up of the same material (continental-continental) then one plate will not slide underneath the other; instead, they both crumple together

A

formation of mountains (i.e. Himalayas) ——– collision of Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate

31
Q

the estimated average rate of subduction

A

between 2 and 8 cm per year

32
Q

based on the size of the fault it originates from

A

magnitude of an earthquake

33
Q

because ____________________ are also the longest and widest faults in the world, they tend to create strong earthquakes

A

subduction zones

34
Q

the magnitude in which can result in a tsunami

A

magnitude 7.0

35
Q

created when movements in the subduction zones create landslides in the seafloor

A

tsunami

36
Q

meaning of MMEIRS

A

Metro Manila Earthquake Impact Reduction Study

37
Q

the two objectives of MMEIRS

A
  1. evaluate seismic hazards, damages, and vulnerability of Metro Manila
  2. prepare framework of master plan for earthquake disaster management
38
Q

the Philippines is situated close to the subduction zone created by the boundary between the ________________________. this boundary resulted in the number of active faults in the Philippines

A

Philippine Plate and Eurasian Plate

39
Q

they answered the call coming up with “Operation Metro Yakal”

A

local agencies, particularly the MMDA

40
Q

an operation plan that will be followed in case The Big One does happen

A

“Operation Metro Yakal”

41
Q

3 types of potential risks for GMMA

A

flooding, earthquake, and typhoon

42
Q

the risk that originates from the West Valley Fault

A

earthquake

43
Q

used to measure the profile of the landform, including factors such as trees, buildings, and other structures

A

light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system

44
Q

where building types and density, population density, land use, and the complex mix of age and type of buildings were shown

A

digital elevation model (DEM)

45
Q

often referred as the Father of Modern Geology and believed that Earth was continuously being formed

A

James Hutton

46
Q

5 places located at North

A

Valenzuela
Caloocan
Quezon City
Mandaluyong
San Juan

47
Q

3 places located at West

A

Malaban
Navotas
Manila

48
Q

7 places located at the South

A

Makati
Pasay
Pateros
Taguig
Paranaque
Las Pinas
Muntinlupa

49
Q

2 places located at East

A

Marikina
Pasig

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION (6 decks)

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