Lesson 5.1: The Moving Earth

Question 1

the number of layers that Earth is divided to and made of solid metals

Answer 1

3

Question 2

the hottest and innermost layer of the Earth

Answer 2

core

Question 3

the thick second layer of the Earth

Answer 3

mantle

Question 4

the thinner layer covering the mantle

Answer 4

crust

Question 5

the 2 distinct zones that the Earth is classified into

Answer 5

asthenosphere and lithosphere

Question 6

Earth is further classified into 2 distinct zones based on the __________ and ___________ of the rocks

Answer 6

strength and rigidity

Question 7

the inner layer which is hotter and is more easily deformed

Answer 7

asthenosphere

Question 8

the outer layer which is composed of large blocks

Answer 8

lithosphere

Question 9

the large blocks in lithosphere

Answer 9

tectonic plates

Question 10

movement of lithosphere

Answer 10

diastrophism

Question 11

the 4 major oceans in the world

Answer 11

Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic

Question 12

it triggers an earthquake

Answer 12

fault-crack

Question 13

how to mitigate an earthquake

Answer 13

• hazard map
• safety measure

Question 14

a cartographer during the late 1500s noticed that some of the boundaries of the continents seem to fit into the boundaries of other countries

Answer 14

Abraham Ortelius

Question 15

one of the most prominent pair of continents

Answer 15

Africa and South America

Question 16

he built the idea that one of the most prominent pair of continents were once connected and are slowly drifting apart through time in coming up with his theory of continental drift

Answer 16

Alfred Wegener

Question 17

the other evidences Alfred Wegener used

Answer 17

paleontological distributions and geological formations

Question 18

the geologist and an officer of the US Navy during World War II, suggested that the ocean floor can be viewed as giant conveyor belts that carry the continents in 1960

Answer 18

Harry Hess

Question 19

Harry Hess calculated the speed at which the continents where spreading at the ________________ to be approximately ______________________

Answer 19

Mid-Atlantic Ridge
2.5 cm per year

Question 20

to this day, with the use of advanced instruments like _________________________, it has been determined that the plates are actually moving up to __________________________

Answer 20

global positioning system (GPS)
11 cm per year

Question 21

Harry Hess’s work was formalized in his ________________________

Answer 21

theory of seafloor spreading

Question 22

geologists have identified ______________ as any fault that is likely to generate another earthquake anytime in the future

Answer 22

active faults

Question 23

the common consideration for a fault to be active

Answer 23

moved one or several times in the last 10 000 years

Question 24

the country that is not free from these faults

Answer 24

Philippines

Question 25

where tectonic plates converge and forms valleys

Answer 25

subduction zones

Question 26

these plates are pieces of crust that have been moving on the surface of the planet for millions of years

Answer 26

subduction zones

Question 27

may be made up of single type of crust or a combination of continental crust

Answer 27

tectonic plates

Question 28

causes a tectonic plate to slide under another plate and sink into the mantle because the denser oceanic crust slides beneath the lighter continental crust

Answer 28

subduction

Question 29

the results of subduction

Answer 29

volcanic activities, earthquakes, tsunamis

Question 30

the results when the plates that collide are made up of the same material (continental-continental) then one plate will not slide underneath the other; instead, they both crumple together

Answer 30

formation of mountains (i.e. Himalayas) ——– collision of Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate

Question 31

the estimated average rate of subduction

Answer 31

between 2 and 8 cm per year

Question 32

based on the size of the fault it originates from

Answer 32

magnitude of an earthquake

Question 33

because ____________________ are also the longest and widest faults in the world, they tend to create strong earthquakes

Answer 33

subduction zones

Question 34

the magnitude in which can result in a tsunami

Answer 34

magnitude 7.0

Question 35

created when movements in the subduction zones create landslides in the seafloor

Answer 35

tsunami

Question 36

meaning of MMEIRS

Answer 36

Metro Manila Earthquake Impact Reduction Study

Question 37

the two objectives of MMEIRS

Answer 37

1. evaluate seismic hazards, damages, and vulnerability of Metro Manila
2. prepare framework of master plan for earthquake disaster management

Question 38

the Philippines is situated close to the subduction zone created by the boundary between the ________________________. this boundary resulted in the number of active faults in the Philippines

Answer 38

Philippine Plate and Eurasian Plate

Question 39

they answered the call coming up with “Operation Metro Yakal”

Answer 39

local agencies, particularly the MMDA

Question 40

an operation plan that will be followed in case The Big One does happen

Answer 40

“Operation Metro Yakal”

Question 41

3 types of potential risks for GMMA

Answer 41

flooding, earthquake, and typhoon

Question 42

the risk that originates from the West Valley Fault

Answer 42

earthquake

Question 43

used to measure the profile of the landform, including factors such as trees, buildings, and other structures

Answer 43

light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system

Question 44

where building types and density, population density, land use, and the complex mix of age and type of buildings were shown

Answer 44

digital elevation model (DEM)

Question 45

often referred as the Father of Modern Geology and believed that Earth was continuously being formed

Answer 45

James Hutton