Lesson 5 - PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF PART 2 Flashcards
- Early childhood
- Middle to later Childhood
- Adolescence
- Emerging Adults
HARTER’S SELF-DEVELOPMENT
the child describes himself in terms of
concrete, observable characteristics, material
possessions, behaviors, and preferences.
Early childhood
the self is described with the
use of trait like constructs (e.g., kind, smart, honest)
Middle to later Childhood
emergence of a more abstract self-
definitions such as inner thoughts, emotions, attitudes and motives
Adolescence
characterized by having a vision of a
“possible self”
Emerging Adults
ME AND I
WILLIAM JAMES
Father of American psychology
WILLIAM JAMES
Two Sides of the Self
- I Self
- Me Self
subjective self that is aware of its own actions.
I Self
▪ A sense of being the agent or initiator of behavior.
▪ A sense of being unique.
▪ A sense of continuity
▪ A sense of awareness
I Self
objective or the self you can describe/ perspectives from
others.
Me Self
physical appearance
Material
social skills
Social
personality, character, defining values
Spiritual
HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY
CARL ROGERS
emphasized the active role of the individual in
shaping their internal and their external worlds.
Humanism
believed that the person is an active being
who lives in the PRESENT.
CARL ROGERS
coined the term actualizing tendency or one’s
capability to reach his/her highest potential
CARL ROGERS
✓IDEAL SELF
✓REAL SELF
✓CONGRUENCE
✓INCONGRUENCE
CARL ROGERS: Person-Centered Theory
who or what you want to be
IDEAL SELF
who you actually are
REAL SELF
the alignment of the real self and the
ideal self; be more aware of the healthy ideals
CONGRUENCE
happens when there is inconsistency
between the real self and the ideal self
INCONGRUENCE
✓ FUNCTIONAL AUTONOMY
✓TRAITS
GORDON ALLPORT PERSONALITY TRAITS
human motives are
functionally independent from the original motives
responsible for the behavior
FUNCTIONAL AUTONOMY
are enduring characteristics that manifest itself
almost all of the time
TRAITS
✓ PARENT EGO STATE
✓ADULT EGO STATE
✓CHILD EGO STATE
Eric Berne’s Ego States
the voice of authority
PARENT EGO STATE
the rational systems
ADULT EGO STATE
CHILD EGO STATE
can be spontaneous but can also be
impulsive
THREE STRUCTURES OF PERSONALITY
- ID
- EGO
- SUPEREGO
SIGMUND FREUD
pleasure principle, childlike and cannot delay gratification
ID
reality principle, controls the id and can delay pleasure
EGO
morality principle; conscience ; moral judgement of
conduct
SUPEREGO
A healthy person is dominated by the ______, which balance pleasure and demands of reality.
ego
If you are dominated by _______, you will always say NO to everything.
superego
_______ dominated is someone is impulsive and wants immediate gratification.
ID
- birth - 2 years
Oral Stage
Pleasure from oral stimulation - tasting and suckingg
Oral Stage
Dependency or aggression; Problems with drinking, smoking, eating, nail-biting
Oral Stage
15 months - 3 years
Anal Stage
Primary focus on controlling bladder and bowels - eliminating/retaining feces
Anal Stage
Anal-expulsive (messy, wasteful, destructive) vs. Anal-retentive (orderly, rigid, obsessive)
Anal Stage
3 - 6 years
Phallic Stage
Primary focus is on genitals - differences between male and female
Phallic Stage
Child becomes rival for the affection of opposite-sex parent (Oedipus Complex)
Phallic Stage
Child begins to identify with the same-sex parent
Phallic Stage
Fixation can result in sexual deviances or confused sexual identity
Phallic Stage
Freud believed that girls continued to possess feelings of envy or inferiority-penis envy
Phallic Stage
6 - puberty (skip)
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6 - puberty
Latency Stage
Sexual desires pushed to background
Latency Stage
Focus on intellectual and social pursuits
Latency Stage
Important stage for development of communication skills and self-confidence
Latency Stage
Puberty - Adulthood
Genital Stage
Sexual desires renewed - seek relationships with others
Genital Stage
Problems that emerge in this stage are carried over from earlier stages
Genital Stage
Represents an unconscious mediation by the ego of id impulses which conflict with the wishes and needs of the ego and/or superego. By altering and distorting one’s awareness of the original impulse, one makes it more tolerable.
Defense Mechanism
means finding reasonable explanations for unreasonable
or unacceptable behavior to make them sound logical and acceptable.
Rationalization
the unconscious blocking of unacceptable thoughts, feelings,
and impulses. Especially painful thoughts, feelings, memories, or impulses.
Repression
is done when a person refuses to accept the reality or fact,
acting as if thought or feeling did not exist .
Denial
means attributing one’s own undesired thoughts, feelings, or
impulses to another person who does not have those thoughts,
feelings, or impulses.
Projection
is the channeling of unacceptable impulses, thoughts, and
emotions into more acceptable ones.
Sublimation
is the channeling of energy away from one person or
object to an alternative.
Displacement
refers to a denial and reversal of one’s feelings.
Reaction Formation
➢A product of early experiences: a defensive organization
formed because of inadequate parenting
➢The self that is obedient to parents’ wishes and demands
➢The healthy False self is still connected to the true self.
➢The unhealthy false self makes one continually adjust his
behavior to fit in.
FALSE SELF
TRUE & FALSE SELF
DONALD WINNICOTT
➢Emerges if the mother is responsive to the needs of the
child
➢Creative, spontaneous and real
TRUE SELF
