Lesson 11 - Learning to Become a Better Student Flashcards
Three forms of Environment
- Physical environment
- Social environment
- Cultural Environment
affects all areas of our health and safety conditions
Physical environment
includes our family and other people we come into contact with daily
Social environment
includes the language used during family interaction, the food we eat, the customs and traditions of the place we come from, or the religious group we belong
Cultural Environment
Is defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior that is brought about by experience
Learning
Stated that learning is defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior that is brought about by experience
Feldman, 2013
presented the three main types of learning
They assert that more than one type of learning can operate simultaneously in the same situation.
Cacioppo & Freberg
3 Types of Learning
A. Associative Learning
B. Non-associative Learning
C. Observational Learning
occurs when we make a connection or an association between two events
Associative Learning
process of learning the associations
Conditioning
Two forms of associative learning
- classical conditioning
- operant conditioning
A famous research done by Ivan Pavlov
Classical Conditioning
researched classical conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
It is forming associations between pairs of stimuli that occur sequentially in time
Classical Conditioning
refers to something that must be learned
Conditioned
refers to factors that are reflexive or that occur without any learning
Unconditioned
refers to an environmental event whose significance is learned
conditioned stimulus (CS)
has innate, built-in meaning to the organism
unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
are learned reactions
conditioned responses (CRs)
don’t need to be learned; they appear without prior experience with a stimulus
unconditioned responses
don’t need to be learned; they appear without prior experience with a stimulus
unconditioned responses
The definition of learning requires ___, so the appearance of ___ tells us that learning has occurred
behavior to change
conditioned responses
Examples of conditioned responses
- avoidance of dentist that we associate with pain
- feeling dizzy or nauseated when seeing a BUS which entails long travel
Classical conditioning also explains emotional responses, such as
- fears of cockroaches, mice, spiders and other creatures that are typically harmless
- student associate presentation to the large audience with negative emotions and anxiety which hinder performance
- smell of certain perfume brings happy emotions
It is forming associations between behaviors and their consequences. Increasing behaviors that isfollowed with rewards
Operant Conditioning
Different from Classical Conditioning; original behaviours are natural, biological responses to the presence of a stimulus such as food, water, or pain
Operant Conditioning
Voluntary responses, which an organism performs deliberately to produce a desirable outcome
Operant Conditioning
is a process by which a stimulus increases the probability of a preceding behavior to be repeated
Reinforcement
is any stimulus that increases the probability that a preceding behavior will occur again
reinforcer
refers to a stimulus that decreases the probability that a prior behavior will occur again
Punishment
A stimulus added to the environment that brings about an increase in a preceding response
Positive Reinforcer
Refers to an unpleasant stimulus whose removal leads to an increase in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated in the future
Negative Reinforcer
