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PSYCH031 > Lesson 12 - Taking Charge of One’s Health > Flashcards

Lesson 12 - Taking Charge of One’s Health Flashcards

1
Q

4 Factors that affect Health

A

*environment
*genetics
*relationships with people
*Personality

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2
Q

It is any demand made by an organism to adapt, cope, or adjust

A

Stress

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3
Q

two sub-types of stress

A

Eustress
Distress

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4
Q

helps us become alert and occupied

A

Eustress

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5
Q

is experienced if stress is intense or prolonged; it can become a burden, thus, will affect our moods and ability to adjust, impair our ability to experience pleasure, and harm the body.

A

Distress

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6
Q

the founder of stress research, started his investigation on the body’s response to stressors, especially the wear and tear due to the demands placed on the body

A

Hans Selye

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7
Q

Selye’s term, for the common effects on the body when demands are placed on it, is called

A

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

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8
Q

3 stages of GAS

A

Alarm Stage
Resistance Stage
Exhaustion Stage

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9
Q

This is the body’s first reaction to a stressor. It is the temporary state of shockduring which resistance to illness and stress falls below normal limits.

A

Alarm Stage

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10
Q

Glands throughout the body manufacture different hormones that protect the individual. The body’s immune system can fight off infection with remarkable efficiency.

A

Resistance Stage

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11
Q

At this point, wear and tear takes its toll- the person might collapse inexhaustion, and vulnerability to disease increases. Seriously, possibly irreversible damage to the body, such as heart attack or even death, may occur.

A

Exhaustion Stage

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12
Q

Factors that Causes Stress

A

Daily Hassles
Uplifts
Conflict

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13
Q

This refers to regularly occurring conditions and experiences that can threaten or harm our well-being.

A

Daily Hassles

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14
Q

Types of Daily Hassles

A

Household hassles
Health hassles
Time-pressure hassles
Environmental hassles
Inner concern hassles
Financial responsibility hassles
Work Hassles
Security hassles

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15
Q

preparing meals, shopping, and home maintenance.

A

Household hassles

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16
Q

physical illness, concern about medical treatment, and side effects of medication

A

Health hassles

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17
Q

having too many things to do and too many responsibilities, and not having enough time

A

Time-pressure hassles

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18
Q

crime, neighborhood deterioration, and traffic noise

A

Environmental hassles

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19
Q

being socially isolated, lonely

A

Inner concern hassles

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19
Q

concern about owing money such as mortgage payments and loan installments

A

Financial responsibility hassles

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20
Q

job dissatisfaction, not liking one’s duties at work, and problems with co-workers

A

Work Hassles

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21
Q

concerns about job security, terrorism, taxes, property investments, stock market swings, and retirement

A

Security hassles

22
Q

This refer to the opposite of daily hassles. Some examples of ___ are pleasant family outings, good grades, enjoyable TV shows, and tasty meals

A

Uplifts

23
Q

Getting a scholarship, graduating from college, marrying the right person, finding a good job, and moving to a better neighborhood require us to adjust. Although variety adds spice to life, too much of it might lead to physical illness

A

Life changes

24
Q

It is defined as the feeling of being pulled in two or more directions by opposing motives

A

Conflict

25
Q

Is more stressful because we are motivated to avoid each of the two negative goals, yet avoiding one of them requires approaching the other

A

Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict

26
Q

Example: You need to decide between doing unwanted homework or doing unwanted household chores

A

Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict

27
Q

Is experienced when the same goal produces both approach and avoidance motives

A

Approach-Avoidance Conflict

28
Q

Example: Marriage is a momentous decision that both positive and negative aspects.

A

Approach-Avoidance Conflict

29
Q

Considered the least stressful type. Each of the two goals is desirable and both are within reach.

A

Approach-Approach Conflict

30
Q

Example: You need to decide which graduate school to go.

A

Approach-Approach Conflict

31
Q

It is the most complex form of conflict because each of several alternative courses of action has pluses and minuses. Each alternative has both positive and negative aspects.

A

Multiple Approach-Avoidance Conflict

32
Q

Example: Choosing between 2 different cars, each with diff. pros and cons. First car has great gas mileage but expensive or second car is cheap but doesn’t last long term.

A

Multiple Approach-Avoidance Conflict

33
Q

They are like racehorses. They are highly driven, competent, impatient, and aggressive - so much that they are prone to getting into vehicle accidents

A

Type A Behavior Pattern

34
Q

pioneered Type A Behavior Pattern

A

Ben-Zur, 2002;Yamada et al., 2008

35
Q

They relax more readily and focus more on the quality of life. They are less ambitious and less impatient, and they pace themselves

A

Type B

36
Q

They have difficulty expressing emotion and tend to suppress emotions. They tend to display poor health.

A

Type C

37
Q

They are generally distressed, frequently experience negative emotions, and socially inhibited

A

Type D

38
Q

Even after adjustment for depression, they face a threefold increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

A

Type D

39
Q

said:

They are generally distressed, frequently experience negative emotions, and socially inhibited.

A

Beutel 2012; Cosci, 2012; Molloy 2012

40
Q

said:

Even after adjustment for depression, they face a threefold increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes

A

Denollet& Conraads, 2011

41
Q

It is the ability to believe in our capacity to make things happen. This kind of ability helps us withstand stress.

A

Self-efficacy

42
Q

Can moderate the effects of stress. Laughter stimulates the output of endorphins, which might enhance the functioning of the immune system

A

Sense of Humor

43
Q

said:

Can moderate the effects of stress. Laughter stimulates the output of endorphins, which might enhance the functioning of the immune system

A

Marziali, 2008

44
Q

One’s commitment to something or someone that is important to him/her gives his/her life a purpose.

Studies show that the degree of control one has over any stressor will influence how difficult the stressor will be for one to cope with.

Those who are susceptible to stress tend to perceive difficulties as threats; stress-hardy people perceive such difficulties as a challenge

A

Psychological Hardiness

45
Q

These two abilities will enable us to moderate the impact of stress. ___ allows us to prepare ourselves for the inevitable while ___ allows us to feel that we are not at the mercy of the fates

A

Predictability and Control

46
Q

said:

These two abilities will enable us to moderate the impact of stress. Predictability allows us to prepare ourselves for the inevitable while control allows us to feel that we are not at the mercy of the fates

A

Folkman & Moskowitz, 2000; Yartz, 2008

47
Q

Has been considered as a buffer against the effects of stress. It can be given to and received by people through the following aspects:

___ is done by giving feedback about how one is doing. This kind of support helps people interpret what happened to them. ___ can be in a form of initiating simple conversation or going shopping with another person.

A

Social Support

Appraisal

Socializing

48
Q

This aspect can be demonstrated through listening to people’s concerns and expressing feelings of sympathy, caring, understanding, and reassurance

A

Emotional Support

49
Q

Types of STRESS MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

A

Physical Management
Behavioral Management
Cognitive Restructuring

50
Q

Structure each day to include a minimum of 20 minutes of aerobic exercise.

Eat a balanced meal, avoid caffeine, get enough hours of sleep, take a warm bath or shower, or go for walks.

A

Physical Management

51
Q

This type of management can be done through involvement in diversionary activities or direct action taking like positive addiction to cross stitching, gardening, drawing, writing poems, composing songs, etc.

A

Behavioral Management

52
Q

Everything that happens to us, whether it stresses us out or not, depends on how we think about that experience.

A

Cognitive Restructuring

53
Q

The decision to cope with stress effectively is essential for physical and mental health

A

Cognitive Restructuring

PSYCH031 (12 decks)

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