Lesson 5 Definitions Flashcards
glycoloysis
the metabolic pathway that converts glucose to two pyruvate molecules
glucose
C6H12O6
pyruvate
the output of glycolysis. One molecule of glucose breaks down into two molecules of pyruvate, which are then used to provide further energy
aerobic respiration
consists of glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain
electron transport chain
uses products of kreb cycle to generate a proton gradient, which drives ATP synthesis
anaerobic respiration
unlike fermentation, the final electron acceptor is not a product of the metabolic pathway that produced electrons carried by NADH
fermentation
NADH donates its electrons to a molecule produced by the same metabolic pathway that produced electrons carried by NADH
anaerobic respiration
creating energy without oxygen. unlike fermentation, the final electron acceptor is not a product of the metabolic pathway that produced electrons carried by NADH
dark phase photosynthesis
Calvin cycle: glucose production. ATP is transformed into a carb (simple sugar). the necessary atoms come from water and carbon dioxide
lactate
one of the substances produced by cells as the body turns food into energy (cell metabolism), with the highest level of production occurring in the muscles. Depending on pH, it is sometimes present in the form of lactic acid.
ethanol
fuel made from biomass
inner membrane space
part of chloroplast that contains thylakoids
stroma
fluid inside inner membrane
photosystem I and II
catalyze the initial step of photosynthesis, the light induced charge separation across the photosynthetic membrane. PS 1 absorbs the longer wavelength of light which is 700 nm while photosystem II or PS 2 absorbs the shorter wavelength of light 680 nm.
mitochondrial matrix
contains the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the mitochondrial genome and the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle, or Krebs cycle), which metabolizes nutrients into by-products the mitochondrion can use for energy production.
lumen
continuous aqueous phase enclosed by the thylakoid membrane. It plays an important role for photophosphorylation during photosynthesis. During the light-dependent reaction, protons are pumped across the thylakoid membrane into the lumen making it acidic down to pH 4.
