Lesson 5- Cartilage and Bone Tissue Flashcards
What are the characteristics of cartilage?
-Semirigid, weaker than bone
- Flexible yet resilient due to elastic fibers, collagen fibers, and gel-like ground substance
- avascular (received nutrient supply through diffusion)
What are the functions of cartilage?
-supports soft tissues
-articular surfaces for joints
-provide a model for endochondral bone formation
What is the structure of cartilage?
Chondroblasts, chondrocytes, extracellular matrix, and perichondrium
What are chondroblasts?
cells that produce cartilage matrix
What are chondrocytes?
mature cartilage cells that reside in lacunae
What is extracellular matrix?
protein fibers embedded in a gel-like ground subtance
What is perichondrium?
dense irregular connective tissue
What is hyaline?
-flexible but resilient
-respiratory system (larynx, trachea, bronchi), costal cartilage, nose, articular cartilage, epiphyseal plate, fetal skeleton
What is fibrocartilage?
-contains thick collagen fibers
-shock absorber
-intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, menisci of knee, articular discs of jaw
What is elastic cartilage?
-contains elastic fibers
-provides flexibility
-epiglottis and external ear
What is bone made of?
osseous connective tissue, bone cells (osteocytes), and bone matrix
What are the kinds of bone matrix?
organic component and inorganic component
What is organic component in bone?
also called osteoid and contains collagen and other proteins
What is inorganic component?
also called hydroxyapatite and contains calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide
What are the functions of bone?
-support the body (framework)
-protect vital organs
-facilitate movement (attachment site for muscles)
-hematopoiesis (red bone marrow)
-mineral and energy storage (calcium phosphate and yellow bone marrow which is adipose tissue)
What are the long bones in the body?
humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals
What are the short bones in the body?
carpals, tarsals
What are the flat bones in the body?
skull, scapulae, sternum, ribs
What are the irregular bones in the body?
vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, os coxae, ethmoid, sphenoid
What are the sesamoid bones in the body?
patella, small bones found in the tendons associated with feet and hands
What is the structure of long bones? (pt 1)
- compact bone (cortical)
- spongy bone (cancellous)
- diaphysis
- epiphysis
- metaphysis
- epiphyseal plate or line
- apophysis (bony outgrowth that serves as an attachment site for ligaments or tendons)
- articular cartilage
What is the structure of long bones? (9-11)
- medullary cavity (contains yellow marrow in adults and red in children)
- Endosteum (layer of cells lining the spongy bones and medullary cavity)
- Periosteum (dense irregular connective tissue connected to bone by perforating fibers)
What should you know about blood and nerve supply?
-bone is richly vascularized and innervated
-nutrient blood vessels and nerves enter through nutrient foramina
What is the structure of compact/cortical bone?
-lined by periosteum
-composed of osteons
What is the structure of spongy/cancellous bone?
-lined by endosteum
-composed of trabeculae
-often contains red bone marrow
What are the different kind of bone cells?
osteocyte (maintains bone tissue)
osteoblast (forms bone matrix)
osteogenic cell (stem cell)
osteoclast (resorbs bone)
What is in compact bone?
-osteon
-lamellae
-central canal
-perforating canal
-osteocytes in lacunae
-canaliculi
What is in spongy bone?
trabeculae, lamellae, osteocytes within lacunae, canaliculi, endosteum
What are osteoblasts and osteoclasts responsible for?
trabecular remodeling
What does trabeculae in spongy bone do?
They undergo remodeling in response to lines of stress to provide strength to the bone
What is intramembranous ossification?
-bone growth within a membrane
-forms flat bones of the skull. some facial bones, mandible, and clavicle
What is endochondral ossification?
-bone growth within cartilage
-turns fetal framework of hyaline cartilage into bones
-formation of most bones
What the kind of bone growth?
Interstitial growth- length (at epyphyseal plates)
Appositional growth (width)
What is osteomalacia?
-lack of mineralization of bone results in low bone density
-caused by vitamin D or calcium deficiency
What is osteomalacia in children?
rickets, soft and weak bones, bowed legs
What is a disorder of the bone?
osteoporosis
What is osteoporosis?
-excessive bone resorption
-aged and post-menopause
