Lecture 4- Integumentary system

Question 1

What is the integument?

Answer 1

-skin, nails, hair, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands
-largest organ in the body
-consists of epidermis and dermis
-hypodermis is not part of integument

Question 2

What are the functions of the integument?

Answer 2

protection, prevent dehydration, sensation, temperature regulation, vitamin D synthesis

Question 3

Are there blood vessels in the epidermis?

Answer 3

no

Question 4

Where on our bodies do we have thick epidermis?

Answer 4

palms of hands and soles of feet

Question 5

What are the 5 layers in the epidermis?

Answer 5

stratum basale (attaches to basement membrane), stratum spinosum (spiny), stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum (transparent), stratum corneum (sluffs off),

Question 6

Which layer of epidermis is not found in thin skin?

Answer 6

stratum lucidum

Question 7

What are the cells of the epidermis?

Answer 7

Melanocyte, merkel cells, and keratinocytes

Question 8

What changes the pigment of skin?

Answer 8

melanocytes

Question 9

What are melanosomes for?

Answer 9

protection

Question 10

What are the types of skin marks?

Answer 10

nevus and freckles

Question 11

What is nevus?

Answer 11

-overgrowth of melanin-forming cells
-harmless unless it mutates and becomes malignant

Question 12

What are freckles?

Answer 12

yellowish or brown spots from excessive melanocyte activity, not increased melanocyte cells

Question 13

What are the two layer of the dermis?

Answer 13

papillary and reticular

Question 14

What is the papillary layer of dermis made of?

Answer 14

areolar tissue

Question 15

What are scars?

Answer 15

damaged skin is replaced by fibrous tissue (collagen produces by fibroblasts)

Question 16

What are wrinkles?

Answer 16

-loss of collagen and elastic fibers
-decreased thickness of dermis
-skin is less springy

Question 17

What is the structure of the hypodermis?

Answer 17

-areolar and adipose connective tissue

Question 18

What are the functions of the hypodermis?

Answer 18

-anchors skin to underlying structures
-thermal insulation
-energy reservoir

Question 19

What are nails?

Answer 19

Scale-like modification of epidermis
-contain hard keratin

Question 20

What are the three part of the hair structure?

Answer 20

hair bulb, hair root, and hair shaft

Question 21

What is hair composed of?

Answer 21

hard keratin

Question 22

What are the hair shaft layers?

Answer 22

medulla (inner soft part), cortex, and cuticle (outer hard shell)

Question 23

What are the types of hair?

Answer 23

lanugo (fetal), vellus (peach fuzz), terminal hair (more corse)

Question 24

What are the functions of hair?

Answer 24

protection, sensation, and reduction of heat loss

Question 25

What is the rate of hair growth?

Answer 25

2mm/ week

Question 26

What are the phases of hair growth cycle?

Answer 26

-Anagen: hair actively grows for 2-7 years -Catagen: follicle shrinks for 2-3 weeks -Telogen: follicle is inactive and shed for 2-4 months -Follicle is re-stimulatedW

Question 27

What are the types of exocrine glands?

Answer 27

Sebaceous (oil) and sudoriferous (sweat)

Question 28

What do sebaceous glands do?

Answer 28

produce sebum

Question 29

What are the types of sudoriferous glands?

Answer 29

eccrine an aprocrine

Question 30

What do eccrine glands do?

Answer 30

produce watery sweat and are found all over the body

Question 31

What do apocrine glands do?

Answer 31

produce viscious sweat and are found in axillary, nipple, anal, and genital areas

Question 32

What is acne?

Answer 32

overactive and plugged sebaceous ducts

Question 33

What do first degree burns do?

Answer 33

damage epidermis

Question 34

What do second degree burns do?

Answer 34

damages epidermis and part of dermis

Question 35

What do third degree burns do?

Answer 35

damage epidermis and all of dermis

Question 36

What is basal cell carcinoma?

Answer 36

-most common type of skin cancer -least dangerous type -originates in stratum basale

Question 37

What is malignant melanoma?

Answer 37

-most deadly type of skin cancer -arises from melanocytes -early detection is crucial