LESSON 5 (C) Flashcards
-group of functionally related nuclei
-However, this is a misnomer because a ganglion is an aggregate of neuronal cell
bodies in the peripheral nervous system.
basal ganglia/basal nuclei
basal ganglia consist of:
- globus pallidus
- putamen
- caudate nucleus
- nearer to thalamus
globus pallidus
- nearer to the cerebral cortex
putamen
has a large “head” with a smaller “tail” with a comma-shaped “body
caudate nucleus
- the globus pallidus and putamen are referred to as the
lentiform nucleus
- the lentiform nucleus and caudate nuclei are known as the
corpus striatum
- largest nucleus in the basal ganglia
-refers to the striated (striped) appearance of the internal capsule as it passes among the basal nuclei
corpus striatum
- (midbrain)
- functionally connected to the basal nuclei
substantia nigra
- responsible for the control of
fine motor movement.
dopamine
-consists of olfactory cortex, certain deep portions of the cerebrum & diencephalon
limbic system
components of limbic system:
- amygdala
- hippocampus
- septal area
- cingulate gyrus
- hypothalamus
- mammillary body
- center of emotional responses. Examples of major affective responses are: friendship, love and affection, expression of mood, fear, rage and aggression.
amygdala
- involved in long-term memory
hippocampus
- where the centers of orgasm are found. Associated with different kinds of pleasant sensation, mainly those related to sexual experiences.
septal area
- involved in conscious manifestations of emotion
cingulate gyrus
- pleasure center. Involved in stress responses
hypothalamus
- involved in olfactory memory
mammillary body
Functions of Limbic System:
a. Responds to olfactory stimulation by initiating responses necessary for survival
such as thirst & hunger
b. Influences emotions, visceral responses to emotions, motivation & mood
-means little brain
-second largest portion of the brain located posterior to medulla and pons
-consists of nuclei & nerve tracts
cerebellum
Functions of cerebellum:
- Maintains balance/ equilibrium & posture
- Coordinates subconscious movements of skeletal muscles
- Predicts future position of the body during a particular movement
- Maintains muscle tone & coordination of fine motor movement
- Assumes role in emotional development, modulating sensations of anger & pleasure, allowing normal emotional expression & interpretation
- it serves as a LARGE NERVE CABLE that connects the BRAIN to the different parts
of the body
spinal cord
Forms a continuous structure from the medulla & ends at the 1stLumbar/2nd Lumbar vertebrae exiting the cranium thru an opening known as the _______
foramen magnum
Nerve Roots leave the spine through openings in between each vertebra known as _______
NEURAL FORAMINA
- functions in the impulse conduction & processing of information in a limited manner
SPINAL CORD
how long is the spinal cord
18 inches or 45 cm
how wide is the spinal cord
1/2 inch or 14 mm
PARTS OF THE SPINAL CORD: (cross section)
- central gray portion/matter
- peripheral white portion/matter
- a collection of neuron cell bodies
-shaped like a letter H, with posterior & anterior horns; small lateral horns exist in
levels of the cord associated with the ANS
central gray portion
- consists of myelinated axons
-organized into 3 columns:
a. Posterior/dorsal columns- contain somatic & autonomic sensory nuclei
b. Anterior/ventral columns- contain cell bodies of somatic neurons & motor
nuclei which provide nerve impulses for contraction of skeletal muscles
c. Lateral columns- cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons
-present only in the thoracic, upper lumbar & sacral
Segments of the cord
*Each column consists of ascending & descending tracts
peripheral white portion
