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Kimmy: Nervous System > LESSON 5 (B) > Flashcards

LESSON 5 (B) Flashcards

1
Q

–most inferior portion of the diencephalon
-contains nuclei that are important in maintaining homeostasis
- one of the major regulators of homeostasis

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

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2
Q

FUNCTION OF HYPOTHALAMUS:

A
  • control of ANS
  • production of hormones
  • regulation of emotional and behavioral patterns
  • regulation of eating and drinking
  • control of body temperature
  • regulation of circadian rhythm and state of consciousness
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3
Q
  • *When certain cells in the hypothalamus are stimulated by
    rising osmotic pressure f the extracellular fluid, this results to
A

thirst sensation

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4
Q
  • it contains thirst center
A

hypothalamus

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5
Q
  • largest portion of the brain
  • it is the “seat of intelligence”
A

CEREBRUM

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6
Q
  • it allows us the capability to read, write, speak, make calculations and compose music, remember the past and plan for the future and to visualize things that have never occurred
A

cerebrum

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7
Q
  • rind or bark
A

cortex

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8
Q
  • is a region of gray matter that
    forms the outer rim of the cerebrum.
  • although only 2–4 mm (0.08–0.16 in.)
A

cerebral cortex

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9
Q
  • is made of fiber tracts carrying impulses to, from and
    within the cortex
A

cerebral white matters

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10
Q
  • gray matter nuclei deep within the cerebral white matter
A

basal nuclei

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11
Q
  • deep grooves of the brain
A

fissures

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12
Q
  • convolutions/folds
A

gyri/gyrus

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13
Q
  • hallow grooves
A

sulci/sulcus

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14
Q

Three Types of Tracts in the White Mater of the Cerebrum

A
  • projection tracts
  • association tracts
  • commissural tracts
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15
Q
  • pathways formed by projection fibers
  • An example is the internal capsule, a thick band of white matter that contains both ascending and descending axons
A

projection tracts

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16
Q

-pathways formed by association fibers
-connects various areas of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere

A

association tracts

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17
Q

-pathways formed by commissural fibers
-connects the right & the left hemisphere
- contain axons that conduct nerve impulses from gyri in one cerebral
hemisphere to corresponding gyri in the other cerebral hemisphere.

A

commissural tracts

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18
Q

3 important groups of commissural tracts

A
  • corpus callosum
  • anterior commissure
  • posterior commissure
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19
Q
  • the largest fiber bundle in the brain, containing about 300 million fibers
A

corpus callosum

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20
Q

lobes of the cerebrum

A
  • frontal
  • parietal
  • temporal
  • occipital
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21
Q
  • largest lobe
  • primary motor area
A

frontal lobe

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22
Q

SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS:
* Conceptualization
* Abstraction
* Judgment formation
* Short-term or recall memory
* Fine Repetitive motor movements – (e.g. ability to write) –the premotor
area in the frontal lobe contains motor programs for fine repetitive
movement.

A

frontal lobe

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23
Q
  • rearmost portion of each frontal lobe
  • which helps control voluntary movement
A

motor area/primary motor area

24
Q
  • located in the lateral inferior portion
  • controls verbal/expressive speech; allows thoughts to be
    transformed into words
A

BROCA’s area

25
Q
  • sensory lobe
  • responsible for the storage, analysis & interpretation of sensory stimuli
    -integrative & coordinating center for perception & interpretation of sensory
    info (touch, pressure, temp, pain, size & shapes of objects)
A

parietal lobe

26
Q
  • memory storage (long term memory)
  • integration of AUDITORY, GUSTATORY & OLFACTORY stimuli
A

temporal lobe

27
Q
  • responsible for comprehension / reception &
    understanding of language
A

*WERNICKE’s AREA

28
Q

damage to Wernicke’s area

A

receptive aphasia

29
Q
  • visual area;
  • visual speech center
  • It relates present and past visual experiences and is essential for recognizing and evaluating what is seen.
A

occipital lobe

30
Q

-divides cerebrum into L & R hemispheres

A

longitudinal fissure

31
Q

-divides each hemisphere into FRONTAL & PARIETAL lobe

A

fissure of rolando (central sulcus)

32
Q

-runs parallel to central sulcus, anterior to it

A

Precentral gyrus

33
Q

-runs posterior to the central sulcus

A

Postcentral gyrus

34
Q

-separates parietal lobe from occipital lobe

A

parieto-occipital sulcus

35
Q

-separates the temporal lobe from frontal & parietal lobes

A

fissure of sylvius (lateral fissure)

36
Q

-separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

A

transverse fissure

37
Q

SENSORY AREAS:

A
  • general sensory area
  • primary visual area
  • primary auditory area
  • primary olfactory area
  • primary gustatory area
38
Q

-located in the parietal lobe posterior to the central sulcus
Functions:
1. Where sensory inputs such as pain, pressure, temp are relayed
2. Localizes exactly the points of the body where the sensations originate

A

general sensory area/primary somesthetic/somatosensory area

39
Q
  • a partisan somatic sensory map of the body
A

sensory homunculus

40
Q

-located at the posterior tip of the occipital lobe
Functions:
- Receives sensory impulses from the eyes & interprets shape, color & movement

A

primary visual area

41
Q

-located in the temporal lobe
Function:
- Interprets basic characteristics of sounds such as pitch & rhythm; receives
information for sound and is involved in auditory perception.

A

primary olfactory area

42
Q
  • medial aspect of the temporal lobe
    Function:
  • Interprets sensation related to smell; and is involved in olfactory perception.
A

primary olfactory area

43
Q

-parietal lobe
Function:
- Interprets sensation related to taste; receives impulses for taste and is involved in gustatory perception and taste discrimination.

A

primary gustatory area

44
Q
  • made up of association tracts that connect motor & sensory areas
    -Motor output from the cerebral cortex flows mainly from the anterior
    part of each hemisphere
A

association areas

45
Q

FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX:

A
  • SENSORY AREAS
  • ASSOCIATION AREAS
  • MOTOR AREAS
  • SPEECH AREAS
46
Q

Functions:
 Involved in the process of recognition where present information is compared
with past experiences
 Concerned with memory, emotions, reasoning, will, judgment, personality traits
& intelligence

A

ASSOCIATION AREAS

47
Q

-control muscular movement

A

MOTOR AREAS

48
Q

motor areas:

A
  • primary motor area
  • premotor area
  • prefrontal area
  • frontal eye field area
49
Q

-located in the frontal lobe
Function: controls specific muscles or group of muscle

A

primary motor area

50
Q

-located anterior to the primary motor area
Function: controls skilled movements

A

premotor area

51
Q
  • located anterior to frontal eye field area
    Functions:
    1. Where motivation & foresight to initiate movements occur
    2. Involved in the motivation & regulation of emotional behavior & mood, FUNCTIONAL CENTER FOR AGGRESSION.
A

prefrontal area

52
Q

-located in the frontal cortex
Function: controls voluntary scanning movements of the eyes

A

frontal eye field area

53
Q

speech areas

A
  • Wernicke’s area (sensory speech area)
  • Broca’s area (motor speech area)
54
Q

-located in the parietal lobe
Functions:
1. Determines if a sound is speech, music or noise
2. Interprets the meaning of speech by translating words into thoughts

A

Wernicke’s area

55
Q

-located in the frontal lobe
Function:
Involved in the translation of thoughts into speech

A

Broca’s area

Kimmy: Nervous System (8 decks)

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