Lesson 5 Flashcards
Intelligence and Achievement
Intelligence
The ability to learn from experience, solve problems and use knowledge to adapt to new solutions
g (general intelligence)
aka: Single Intelligence
- Defines a set amount of intelligence that underlines all mental abilities and is measurable by a single score of an intelligence test
- People believe that it could be divided into 2 factors of intelligence, fluid and crystallized
Intelligence quotient (IQ)
Results from early formal intelligence tests.
- Is the child’s mental age divided by their chronological age, multiplied by 100.
Mental age
The age that a person is mentally
Chronological age
The physical age of someone
Standardization
Group tests are more common because they can be standardized.
- Intelligence tests can be administered in groups or individually.
- A good test is standardized, reliable and valid.
Validity
Measures what it is designed to measure…
Construct validity
The extent to which the test actually measures the behavior or cognition it is designed to assess is measure or predicting what it is supposed to be measuring/predicting.
Ex: MMP1-2
Predictive validity
measure of the extent to which a tests result can predict future results. The SATs have been designed to predict how well someone will perform their first year of university.
Reliability
We should get the same score no matter where, when or how many times we take it.
Test-retest reliability
The same exam is given to the same group on two different occasions and scorers are compared.
- Problem: performance on day 2 may be better because they are familiar with the Q’s and test procedures
Split-half reliability
The score on one half of the test questions is correlated with the score on the other half to see it f the Q’s are consistent.
(Split into odd and even numbers…)
Stereotype threat
When people think that they are being tested on something that is a stereotype, they begin to feel anxious and fulfill this negative perception.
Stereotype lift
If you are confident that your group ‘type’ does well on a task, being exposed to situations that create stereotype threat in outgroup members may actually improve your performance.
Flynn Effect
IQ scores across much of the world have generally increased steadily over time.
- Can be explained by nurture: more access to education, smaller families, better health care and advances in technology
