Lesson 2

Question 1

Mnemonic devices

Answer 1

Memory devices usually involving imagery or rhyme
- We encode more lengthy passages and info by the use of memory aid
- STM encodes info acoustically (by the way it sounds)

Question 2

Chunking

Answer 2

When we break items down into smaller, more manageable chunks
- To increase the STM capacity
Ex: 081127882 –>
081 127 882

Question 2

Method of loci

Answer 2

Where info is associated with a visualization of a familiar path or route
- Helps encode larger info amounts

Question 2

Hierarchies

Answer 2

To help organize memories in the LTM - Systems where items are grouped and arranged in categories or concepts

Question 2

Categories

Answer 2

A class or division of people or things regarded as having particular shared characteristics

Question 2

Spacing effect

Answer 2

The tendancy to remember things better if the learning is spread over a long period (distributed practice) rather than over a short period

Question 2

Memory consolidation

Answer 2

The process by which a temporary, labile memory is transformed into a more stable, long-lasting form.

Question 3

Massed practice

Answer 3

Cramming info into a short period of time, does not result in long term memory storage
- You will likely forget most of the info after a brief period of time

Question 4

Serial position effect

Answer 4

The tendency to remember the first few and last few words in a list, and forget those in the middle of the list…

Question 4

Distributed practice

Answer 4

A learning technique where study sessions are spaced out over time with breaks in between.
- Involves distributing the learning material into smaller chunks and reviewing them repeatedly over an extended period.

Question 5

Primacy effect

Answer 5

The tendency to recall earlier words
- First words have had time to be rehearsed and shifted to LTM

Question 6

Recency effect

Answer 6

The tendency to recall later words
- Last words have been entered in the memory most recently (STM)

Question 7

Maintenance rehearsal

Answer 7

• The process of continuously repeating something
• Helps us increase this duration of storage (Since STM only has a limited duration of 30sec)
  Ex: Someone tells you their printer code and you repeat it in your head over and over again so you can remember it

Question 8

Elaborative rehearsal

Answer 8

• Linking new information to what one already knows
• Makes your brain process the new information in a more in-depth way + increases your chance of memory retention.

Question 9

Memory Retention

Answer 9

The ability to store and recall previously learned information or experiences
- Involves holding onto memories over time.

Question 10

Autobiographical memory

Answer 10

• Memories of your life’s experiences and events
• Some people have a highly superior autobiographical memory - their brain stores info that most people would have ignored.
• Researchers have found enlarged brain areas/increased brain activity in memory centers in these people (hippocampus and amygdala)