Lesson 4b: Bacterial Staining

Question 1

What is the process of spreading loopful of cultures on to the surface of glass slides?

Answer 1

Smear

Question 2

The process of killing, making cell ready to accept dyes, and adhere to slides.

Answer 2

Heat fixing

Question 3

Use to observed killed cells.

Answer 3

Smear

Question 4

Uses fluid to make specimen inverted to the depression slide covered with cover slip.

Answer 4

Wet mounds

Question 5

Two types of staining.

Answer 5

Simple staining - uses only primary stain

Differential staining - uses two or more dyes.

Question 6

What chemical that binds to a cellular structure and gives it a color?

Answer 6

Stain or dye

Question 7

This chemical increase contrast of cellular structure.

Answer 7

Stain or dye

Question 8

Relationship of pH level and Charge dyes.

Answer 8

Basic is related to cationic

Acidic is related to anionic

Question 9

What type of dye that attracts negatively charged specimens?

Answer 9

Basic/cationic dye

Question 10

Give example of basic or cationic dye

Answer 10

Methylene blue, Carbol-fuchsin, Crystal violet, Malachite green

Question 11

What type of dye that attracts positive charged specimens?

Answer 11

Acidic dye/ anionic dye

Question 12

Give examples of acidic or anionic dye.

Answer 12

Eosin and picric acid

Question 13

Examples of differential staining:

Answer 13

gram staining
Zhiel-neelsen acid fast staining
Shaeffer-fulton spore staining

Question 14

Give the process and stains of gram staining:

Answer 14

Primary stain - Crystal violet
mordant - Gram iodine
Decolorizer - alcohol 95% or acetone
Counterstain - Safranin

Question 15

How will you know if the specimen that was gram stained is gram negative?

Answer 15

If it shows a color of Safranin or red/pink color.

Question 16

How will you know if the specimen that was gram stained is gram positive?

Answer 16

If it shows a color of violet

Question 17

How will you know if the specimen that was gram stained is acid fast bacteria?

Answer 17

If it poorly colors

Question 18

How will you know if the specimen that was gram stained is dead or old culture?

Answer 18

If it unevenly colors: shows both violet and red colors.

Question 19

What staining is used in acid fast bacteria?

Answer 19

Zheil-Neelsen Acid Fast Bacteria Staining (ZN)

Question 20

What staining is used in detecting Nocardium acid fast bacteria?

Answer 20

Modified Zheil-Neelsen (MZN)

Question 21

Describe the process and stain of ZN (Zheil Neelsen acid fast bacteria)

Answer 21

PS: Carbolfuchsin
M: Heat fixing
D: 3% HCL in 95% alcohol
CS: Methylene Blue

Question 22

Describe the process of modified ZN (Zheil Neelsen)

Answer 22

PS: Carbolfushin
M: heat
D: acetic acid
CS: Meth blue

Question 23

A process of staining to observed capsule of bacteria.

Answer 23

Capsule staining

Question 24

Also known as the Anthony method

Answer 24

Capsule staining

Question 25

A process of staining that uses Nigrosine as stain that colors the background dark.

Answer 25

Negative staining

Question 26

A process of staining that will be used if the specimen resist taking up stain.

Answer 26

Negative staining

Question 27

A process of staining to observed endospore.

Answer 27

Endospore staining

Question 28

Malachite green is added to the specimen and the smear is stained.

Answer 28

Endospore staining

Question 29

Uses meth blue and eosin that binds to A-T regions of DNA

Answer 29

Giemsa staining

Question 30

Uses to detect Campylobacter

Answer 30

Carbol Fuchsin stain

Question 31

Use to detect Bacillus anthracis

Answer 31

Polychrome methylene blue