LESSON 2a: MICROBRIAL CLASSIFICATION

Question 1

A science of classification, and provide orderly naming for organism by placing them into category.

Answer 1

Taxonomy

Question 2

How to address a taxonomic rank for microbiology?

Answer 2

All taxonomic ranks are italicized

Question 3

What are the classification for categorizing microorganisms?

Answer 3

1. Should be monophyletic
2. Genotypical and Phenotypical coherent
3. can easily be differentiated from other species

Question 4

What approach does taxonomic rank of microorganism should be used?

Answer 4

Polyphasic approach

Question 5

What #Sgene is similar to all bacteria?

Answer 5

16S RNA gene

Question 6

What #Sgene is similar to all eukaryote?

Answer 6

18S RNA gene

Question 7

What should be the percentage of SSU RNA of bacteria?

Answer 7

> 97%

Question 8

Uses four genes that include highly conserved genes (16s and 18s)

Answer 8

MLSA or Multilocus sequence analysis

Question 9

What are the two housekeeping genes that are essential for cellular functions?

Answer 9

recA - protein
gyrB - DNA

Question 10

A metric for genome relatedness that uncovers the metabolic pathways and physiology of stains

Answer 10

Whole Genome Sequence (WGS)

Question 11

The most common metric for genome relatedness

Answer 11

Average nucleotide identity (ANI)

Question 12

Based on average nucleotide identity: what should be the percentage of ANI to identify the relatedness of bacteria or different species?

Answer 12

> 96% ANI when similar species
<93% ANI when different species

Question 13

The most common taxonomic key used for phenotypically coherent.

Answer 13

Dichotomous key

Question 14

What taxon rule is being used when a new microorganism is discovered?

Answer 14

Prokaryotic code or
International Code of nomenclature of Prokaryotes

Question 15

Where do you publish your findings when you discovered new microorganism?

Answer 15

IJSEM or
International Journal of Sysmetic and Evolutionary Microbiology

Question 16

Where do you upload your sequence when you discovered new microorganism?

Answer 16

NCBI or
National Center of Biotechnology Information

Question 17

What scientific fix you should use when you cannot culture a microorganism?

Answer 17

Italicized Candidatus

Question 18

What book guide is widely used for taxonomy for microorganism?

Answer 18

Bergey’s Manual Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

Question 19

Who created the 5 Kingdom system?

Answer 19

Whittaker

Question 20

What are the 5 kingdom system?

Answer 20

Kingdom Monera (Eukaryotic)
Protista (the mixed bag)
Animalia, Plantae, FungiA

Question 21

Among the kingdom system what eukaryotes exhibit both animal and plant function?

Answer 21

Protista

Question 22

What is the taxonomic rank in order?

Answer 22

Dear King Philip, come over for good soup/s

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species, and Subspecies

Question 23

What are the 3 domain system?

Answer 23

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

Question 24

A domain rank, that has:
- cell wall called peptidoglycan (murein)
- Formalthionine as first amino acid
- simple RNA polymerase
- lives everywhere

Answer 24

Bacteria

Question 25

A domain rank, that has:
- a false cell wall (pseudo-murein)
-Formalthionine as first amino acid
- complex RNA polymerase
- lives in extreme environment

Answer 25

Archaea

Question 26

A domain rank, that has:
- cell wall: cellulose (plant) and Chitin (fungi), and no cell wall for animal.
- Methionine as first amino acid
- complex RNA polymerase

Answer 26

Eukarya

Question 27

State how endosymbiotic origin of eukarya happens.

Answer 27

• The primitive eukaryotic cell ingested a primitive mitochondria capable of aerobic respiration.
• Chloroplast was formed from incorporation of cyanobacteria, capable of photosynthesis.

Question 28

State how symbiogenesis happens.

Answer 28

• The eukaryotic cell emerged from archaea and bacteria forming a nucleus.
• same process as endosymbiotic origin