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Understanding The Self > Lesson 4: Philosophical Perspective > Flashcards

Lesson 4: Philosophical Perspective Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of learning philosophy

A
  • to enable us to think critically
  • read closely and comprehensively
  • guide us to write clearly
  • better ourselves in logical analysis
  • these skills would enable us to enhance our problem solving ability
  • help us to express ourselves that would make us better in communication skills
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2
Q

Philospher’s about Self

A
  • Socrates
  • Plato
  • St. Augustine
  • Descartes
  • Humes
  • Kant
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3
Q

full of mean and women who inquired into the fundamental nature of self

A

History of Philosophy

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4
Q

were the ones who seriously questioned myths and moved away from it,

A

Greeks

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5
Q

turn into attempting to understand reality and respond to enduring questions of curiosity about self

A

Greeks

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6
Q

first thinker to focus on the full power of reason on the human self: who we are, who we should be, and who we will become

A

Socrates

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7
Q
  • every man is composed of body and soul ( means human person is dualistic , all individuals have imperfect, impermanent aspect of him- the body)
  • the perfect and permanent - the soul - TRUE SELF
  • Our goal as humans is to “?KNOW THYSELF”
A

Socrates

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8
Q
  • the soul strives for wisdom and perfection, and reason is the soul’s tool to achieve an exalted state of life
  • a person can have a meaningful and happy life only if her becomes virtuous and knows the value of himself
A

Socrates

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9
Q

Three Components of the Soul (can be controlled)

A
  • The Rational Soul - Our Reason and Intellect
  • The Spirited Soul - Our Emotions
  • The Appetitive Soul - Our Desires like eating; drinking; sleeping; and having sex
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10
Q
  • believes that it is the responsibility of our reason to sort things out and exert control, restoring a harmonious relationship among the three elements
  • in the ideal state human person’s soul becomes just and virtuous
A

Plato

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11
Q
  • believes that genuine happiness can only be achieved by people who consistently make sure that their reason is in control of their spirits and appetites
A

Plato

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12
Q
  • the Body is bound to die on earth
  • integrated the ideas of Plato and Christianity
  • agreed that man is bifurcated nature
A

St. Augustine

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13
Q
  • an aspect of man dwells in the imperfect world and is imperfect and continuous yearns to be the Divine and the other is capable of reaching immortality
A

St. Augustine

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14
Q

The Soul is to anticipate living in eternal realm
Heaven= _____
Hell = ______

A

Heaven = Eternal life with God
Hell = Eternal Suffering

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15
Q

_____ is what governs and defines the human person or the self (St. Augustine)

A

Soul

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16
Q
  • described that humankind is created in the image and likeness of God
A

St. Augustine

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17
Q
  • the goal of every human person is to attain this communion and bliss with the divine
  • by living his life of virtue while on earth
  • the self is known only through knowing God
A

St. Augustine

18
Q

” I am doubting, therefore I am”

A

St. Augustine

19
Q

he developed the fundamental concept of the human person

A

St. Augustine

20
Q

Father of Modern Philosophy

A

Descartes

21
Q

Cogito ergo sum “I think therefore I am”

A

Descartes

22
Q
  • we cannot doubt the existence of self
  • even if we doubt - it is self doubt
A

Descartes

23
Q

conceive that human being has a

A
  • Body (The Extenza) - the extension of the body
  • Mind (Cogito) - the thing that thinks
24
Q
  • for him, the act of thinking about the self - of being self-conscious - is in itself proof that there is self
A

Descartes

25
Q
  • the essence of the self - a thinking entity that doubts, understands, analyzes, questions, and reason
A

Descartes

26
Q
  • the fact that one thinks should lead to conclude without a trace of doubt the he exist
A

Descartes

27
Q

“But what then, am I? A thinking thing. It has been said, But what is a thinking thing? It is a thing that doubts, understands, affirms, denies, wills, refuses, that imagines also, and perceives.”

A

Descartes

28
Q
  • Scottish Philosopher has a very unique way of looking at man
  • as an empiricist who believes that one can know only what comes from senses and experiences
A

David Hume

29
Q

is the school of thought that espouses the idea that knowledge can only be possible if it is sensed and experienced

A

Empiricism

30
Q

Men can only attain knowledge by _____

A

Experiencing

31
Q

The self is nothing else but a bundle of impressions.

Two Categories:

A
  • Impressions
  • Ideas
32
Q

Basic objects of our experience and sensation

A

Impressions

33
Q

Copies of impressions and not as clear and vivid as our impressions

A

Ideas

34
Q

He suggests that if people carefully examine their sense experience through the process of introspection, they will discover that there is no self

A

Hume

35
Q

“A bundle or collection of different perceptions, which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidity, and are in perpetual flux and movement.”

A

Self

36
Q

The idea of personal identity is a result of _____

A

Imagination

37
Q

The thinking of self is a mere combination of impressions was problematic, but it begins with perception and sensation of impression

A

Immanuel Kant

38
Q

he thinks that the things that men perceive around them are not just randomly infused into the relationship of all these impressions

A

Kant

39
Q
  • there is a need to be an organizing principle that regulates the relationships
  • the mind necessary to organize the impressions that humans get from the external world
A

Kant

40
Q
  • through our rationality, the self transcends sense experience
  • in other words, the self constructs its own reality creating a world that is familiar and predictable
A

Kant

Understanding The Self (9 decks)

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