Lesson 4: Concepts of Self: Eastern Philosophy Flashcards
Siddhartha Gautama better known as the _______
Buddha
According to ___________, a prophecy was given at Siddhartha’s birth that he
would become either a powerful king or great spiritual leader
Buddhist texts
One day (or over the course of a few) Siddhartha Gautama slipped through his father’s defenses and saw what Buddhists refer to as the Four Signs:
An aged man
A sick man
A dead man
A religious ascetic
Buddha means?
“awakened” or
“enlightened” one
_______ is the idea that humans have no
soul or self.
Anatta
The Buddha taught that people have no
soul because nothing is ______________________________.
permanent and
everything changes
he also believed that we
can only come closer
to _____________________ when we accept that
we are changing beings
enlightenment
_____________ is a very important idea in Buddhism as
it is vital that Buddhists understand and accept
that suffering exists.
Dukkha
__________ is the concept that nothing
stays the same and everything is
always changing. This concept is
also known as impermanence.
Anicca
The Four Noble Truths are:
Life is suffering
The cause of suffering is craving
The end of suffering comes with an end to craving
There is a path which leads one away from craving and
suffering
the Eightfold Path
Right View
Right Intention
Right Speech
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Right Mindfulness
Right Concentration
Buddha called his teaching the Dharma which means “_______” in this case (not
“duty” as in Hinduism) as it is based entirely on the concept of undeniable
consequences for one’s thoughts which form one’s reality and dictate one’s actions.
cosmic law
Karma means?
action
Buddhism uses an agricultural metaphor to explain how
sowing __________________________________________________________.
good or bad deeds will result in good or bad
fruit.
Most forms of Hinduism are _____________, which means they worship a
single deity, known as “Brahman,” but still recognize other gods and
goddesses. Followers believe there are multiple paths to reaching their
god.
henotheistic
Hindus believe in the doctrines of _________(the continuous cycle of life,
death, and reincarnation) and karma (the universal law of cause and
effect).
samsara
Hindus revere all living creatures and consider the ____ a
sacred animal.
cow
Hindus even have a “____________” called
Gopastami when all cows — even the ones left
to wander through busy streets and rural villages
— are washed and dressed with flowers.
cow holiday
The primary sacred texts, known
as the ______, were composed
around 1500 B.C.
Vedas
oldest language in the world.
Sanskrit
Unlike other religions, Hinduism has no one
founder but is instead a _______________________.
fusion of various beliefs.
The term “Aryan” referred to a class of people, not a race, and meant ____________________.
“free man” or “noble”.
the belief system known as ________ was developed by the
so-called Vedic peoples who wrote in Sanskrit, the language the Vedas are
composed in.
Vedism
the god responsible for the creation of the world
and all living things
Brahma
the god that preserves and protects the universe
Vishnu
the god that destroys the universe in order to recreate
it
Shiva
the goddess that fights to restore dharma
Devi
the god of compassion, tenderness and love
Krishna
the goddess of wealth and purity
Lakshmi
the goddess of learning
Saraswati
Hindu worship, which is known as “______,”
(poojah) typically takes place in the Mandir
(temple).
puja
the intellectual and spiritual leaders
Brahmin
the protectors and public servants of society
Kshatriyas
the skillful producers
Vaisyas
the unskilled laborers
Shudras
Untouchables are a class of citizens that are
outside the caste system and considered to be in the lowest
level of the social hierarchy
Dalit
one’s career, home life, material wealth
Artha
love, sexuality, sensuality, pleasure
Kama
liberation, freedom, enlightenment, self-actualization
Moksha
