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Personal Training > Lesson 4 > Flashcards

Lesson 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Closed circuit composed of heart, blood vessels and blood

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2
Q

Plasma definition

A

liquid component of blood responsible for carrying hormones, plasma protein, food materials, ions, gases through body

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3
Q

Blood is transferred through body via….

A

blood vessels

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4
Q

Arteries and arterioles

A

carry oxygen-rich blood AWAY from heart

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5
Q

Veins and venules

A

return oxygen-poor blood TO heart

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6
Q

Capillaries

A

provide sites for gas, nutrients, waste exchange between blood and tissues

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7
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Commonly seen in elderly
Contributes to arterial rigidity and dec. arteries ability to expand
Causes inc. BP

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8
Q

Pulmonary Circuit

A

RIGHT SIDE OF HEART
Receives blood partially depleted of O2, high CO2, pushed into lungs where releases CO2 in exchange for O2

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9
Q

Systemic Circuit

A

LEFT SIDE OF HEART
Receives newly oxygenated blood from lungs, pumps it to various tissues of body

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10
Q

Cardiac Cycle

A

period from beginning of one heartbeat to beginning of the next

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11
Q

Systole

A

contraction phase where blood leaves ventricles

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12
Q

Diastole

A

relaxation phase when blood fills ventricles

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13
Q

Respiratory System definition

A

provides means to replace O2 and remove CO2 from blood

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14
Q

Respiratory System is made up of…

A

nose, nasal cavity, pharynx (throat), larynx (adams apple), trachea (windpipe), bronchi, lungs

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15
Q

Humans breath _____ liters of air per minute at rest and _____ liters per min during exercise

A

rest- 5-6 liters
exercise- 20-30 liters

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16
Q

Mediastinum

A

space separating lunges
houses important organs such as heart. aorta, esophagus, part of trachea

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17
Q

What is the only skeletal muscle considered essential for life?

A

diaphragm

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18
Q

Lymphatic System def

A

Rids the body of waste

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19
Q

Lymphatic fluid is similar to blood except it contains….

A

no red blood cells or platelets

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20
Q

4 important functions of Lymphatic System:

A
  1. destruction of bacteria present in lymph nodes
  2. specific immune response that aid in manufacturing antibodies to destroy bacteria
  3. return of interstitial fluid to bloodstream
  4. prevention of excessive accumulation of tissue fluid and filtered proteins by drainage into highly permeable lymphatic capillaries in connective tissue
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21
Q

Cardiorespiratory Endurance Def.

A

capacity of heart and lungs to deliver blood and O2 to working muscles during exercise

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22
Q

ATP=

A

adenosine triphosphate
Provides energy to drive many processes in living cells

23
Q

T/F: tidal volume AND breathing increase at onset of exercise

A

True

24
Q

Hemoglobin

A

protein in red blood cells that is specifically adapted to bond with 02 molecules

25
Q

Low hemoglobin levels=

A

anemia

26
Q

Cardiac output (q) is the product of…

A

HR (in bpm) and stroke volume (SV) or quantity of blood pumped per beat

27
Q

What is Q=HR x SV

A

Cardiac Output

28
Q

Ischemia

A

Inadequate blood flow to heart due to narrowed coronary arteries

29
Q

O2 extraction

A

extracting of O2 from blood at cellular level for aerobic production of ATP

30
Q

T/F: Slow twitch muscle fibers are not oxidative

A

False, they ARE

31
Q

Mitochondria

A

Where aerobic production of ATP takes place

32
Q

Tidal Volume=

A

rate/depth of each breathe

33
Q

Endocrine System Def.

A

responsible for regulation bodily activities through the production of hormones

34
Q

2 categories under Endo. System

A
  1. steroid-derived hormones
  2. hormones synthesized from amino acids
35
Q

Principal Endo glands

A

pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas,, gonads

36
Q

Pituitary gland=

A

master gland located beneath brain

37
Q

Anterior Portion of pituitary gland releases these 6 hormores:

A
  1. follicle-stim hormone (FSH)
  2. Luteinizing hormone (LH_
  3. Thyroid-stim hormone (TSH)
  4. Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)
  5. Growth Hormone (GH)
  6. Prolactin
38
Q

TSH

A

stimulates synthesis and release of thyroxine from thyroid gland, which helps control rate at which all cells utilize O2

39
Q

ACTH

A

controls secretion in adrenal gland of hormones that influence metabolism of carbs, sodium, and potassium

40
Q

GH

A

stimulates growth of the skeletal system/general growth

41
Q

Prolactin

A

Involved in initiation/maintenance of breast milk production and secretion in females

42
Q

Thyroid gland releases what 3 hormones?

A

Thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin

43
Q

Adrenal Medula

A

produces epinephrine and norepinephrine

44
Q

Epinephrine

A

acts to elevate blood glucose levels, increase rate, fore, and amp. of the heartbeat, and dilate blood vessels that feed heart, lungs, skeletal muscles

45
Q

Norepinephrine

A

causes an inc. in HR and in the force of contractions of cardiac muscles

46
Q

Pancrease

A

Below stomach
Produces hormones involved in reg. carb met.
Creates insulin

47
Q

Gonads

A

produce hormones that promote sex-specific physical characteristics and regulate reproductive function

48
Q

When blood glucose is HIGH…

A

insulin is released from beta cells

49
Q

When blood glucose is LOW…

A

glucagon is released from alpha cells

50
Q

Estrogen plays major role in…

A

bone formation and maintenance

51
Q

What combo of exercise improves active muscle insulin sensitivity the best?

A

resistance training and aerobic training

52
Q

3 stages of General Adaptation Syndrome

A
  1. Alarm reaction
  2. Resistance or Adaptation
  3. Exhaustion
53
Q

Resistance or Adaptation stage

A

begins between 4-6 weeks and brings about muscle adaptation.
Characterized by progressive inc. in muscle size and strength

54
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

Blood travels through this when going from right atrium to right ventricle

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