Lesson 4

Question 1

休

Answer 1

くんよみ　やす
おんよみ　キュウ

休み　day off, holiday
休憩 a break
休む to take a break
夏休み summer vacation
年中無休 open all year

Question 2

上

Answer 2

くんよみ　うえ、うわ、かみ、あ、のぼ
おんよみ　ジョウ、ショウ

上 up, above
上着 jacket, overcoat
上る to climb up
上半期 first half of the year
上がる to go up
上品 elegant

Question 3

下

Answer 3

くんよみ　した、しも、もと、くだ、お
おんよみ　カ、ゲ

下 down, below
下水 sewage
下流 down stream
下さい please
下げる to lower
下ろす to take down

Question 4

左

Answer 4

くんよみ　ひだり
おんよみ　サ

左 left
左折 left turn
左手 left hand
左側 left side
左上 upper left
左右 left and right

Question 5

右

Answer 5

くんよみ　みぎ
おんよみ　ウ、ユウ

右 right
右側 right side
右手 right hand
右折 right turn
右下 lower right
右利き right handed

Question 6

holiday

Answer 6

きゅうじつ　休日

Question 7

grave

Answer 7

（お）はか

Question 8

bat

Answer 8

こうもり

Question 9

devil

Answer 9

あくま

Question 10

skeleton

Answer 10

がいこつ

Question 11

ghost

Answer 11

おばけ

Question 12

blood

Answer 12

ち

Question 13

wedding ring

Answer 13

けっこんゆびわ

Question 14

bouquet

Answer 14

ブーケ

Question 15

wedding cake

Answer 15

ウエディングケーキ

Question 16

wedding dress

Answer 16

ウエディングドレス

Question 17

divorce

Answer 17

りこん

Question 18

lawyer

Answer 18

べんごし

Question 19

heart

Answer 19

ハート

Question 20

wine

Answer 20

ワイン

Question 21

red wine

Answer 21

あかワイン

Question 22

rose wine

Answer 22

ロゼ ワイン

Question 23

white wine

Answer 23

しろワイン

Question 24

champagne

Answer 24

シャンパン

Question 25

how, what

Answer 25

どう

Question 26

concert

Answer 26

コンサート

Question 27

fan

Answer 27

ファン

Question 28

song

Answer 28

うた

Question 29

(concert) hall

Answer 29

かいじょう

Question 30

both (items or objects)

Answer 30

りょうほう

Question 31

a lot, many, much

Answer 31

たくさん

Question 32

all

Answer 32

ぜんぶ

Question 33

anything, nothing

Answer 33

なにも

Question 34

to think (regular)

Answer 34

おもう

Question 35

to say, speak, tell (regular)

Answer 35

いう

Question 36

to wait (regular)

Answer 36

まつ

Question 37

おもう(to think) verb usage

Answer 37

Anything that is thought or said is marked with と. The と must come after the thought.

[thought, opinion, quotation] とおもう
(he/she/I) think(s) [thought/opinion]

In sentences using おもう, the phrase that makes up the thought must be in informal form. Even です should be conjugated to だ.

Question 38

いう(to say) verb usage

Answer 38

いう is used exactly like as おもう is used. Any phrase being quoted is followed by と particle and normally the phrase being quoted is stated in the informal form.

[phrase] という
say [phrase]

Remember that even です is converted to its informal だ. If it was でした it could convert to だった.

Question 39

まつ (to wait) verb usage

Answer 39

The thing or person you are waiting for is marked with the object marker を. The place you are waiting at is marked with the event marker で.

[thing/person] をまつ
wait for [thing/person]

[place] でまつ
wait at [place]

Question 40

The particle と with the verb いう

Answer 40

When using 「something」といいます, anything can be inside the quotation marks.

「something」+ といいます
[someone] said “thing that was said”

Question 41

When です ends the sentence being quoted or idea

Answer 41

When the sentence being quoted ends in です it needs to be changed to the informal tense (same goes for the past tense version でした).

Question 42

Using adjectives with いう、おもう、きく

Answer 42

When adjectives are being used the です is dropped.

Question 43

Using なにも

Answer 43

なにも is always used with negative verbs or adjectives.

Question 44

The question word どう

Answer 44

どう means “how” or “what”, depending on the context. It is also very commonly used when asking someone’s opinion.

Question 45

Plurals and Japanese

Answer 45

Plurals are made with certain words using たち. It is normally used with people and is only used with non-living things when they’re given human characteristics.

Question 46

たち after names

Answer 46

When coming after someone’s name it means they are part of the group or is a representative of that group.