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ARSPC2 > LESSON 3: STONE AS BUILDING MATERIALS > Flashcards

LESSON 3: STONE AS BUILDING MATERIALS Flashcards

1
Q

this was considered as the most durable materials

A

stone

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2
Q

it is often used in areas where stone is scarced

A

earth

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3
Q

placing stone, clay bricks or adobe units on top of each other, laid dry and bonded with lime mortar creates?

A

masonry

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4
Q

possibly the first, but also one of the most used, durable and efficient construction techniques of all times

A

masonry

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5
Q

this can be built with a single material, or a mixture of materials, with several layers of different constitution of elements of different sizes

A

masonry

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6
Q

despite the simplicity of this manufacture process, masonry can be considered as

A

most resistant construction technique in the past

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7
Q

masonry elements were aimed at

A

• enclosing space (providing shelter from sight, wind, rain and temperature)
• bearing loads (from floors and roof systems nut also masonry elements themselves)

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8
Q

strength of masonry depends on mostly the

A

strength of units

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9
Q

historical masonries may have the following characteristics:

A

• adobe
• clay bricks
• stone blocks with mortar to bind units togtether
• dry joint (no mortar)

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10
Q

strongest, most used and most durable materials of the past, usually preferred by for structures of greatest importance

A

stones

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11
Q

given the larger strength, ___ is also the one that better survived along the history

A

stone masonry

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12
Q

the durability of their earlier earthen rudimentary buildings, the simplicity and quick availability of materials made earthen construction technologies, which was adopted mainly were stone were not available

A

earth and brick

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13
Q

first shelter using earth were probably made of bush and small wooden members covered with mud for waterproofing

A

true 😂

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14
Q

earth can be used in construction purposes if it has inherently good cohesion, provided by thw prescence of ____, which acts as natural binder

A

clay

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15
Q

belongs to geologic group of sedimentary rocks

A

clay

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16
Q

created by accumulation of sediments along thousands of years

A

(clay) sedimentary rocks

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17
Q

clay can be found in

A

• clay pits mostly close to riverbed, lakes and valleys

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18
Q

being composed of soil and water, the drying process is necessary for earth materials to get strong

A

true 😂

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19
Q

building methods (varied according to locations and cultures)

A

• direct digging
• straw clay
• wattle and daub
• direct shaping

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20
Q

the first habitation were built directly in ground by digging out layer

A

direct digging

21
Q

clay(ey)? soil was added to straw (the clay binds the straw together), and it was used to build several building components (bricks, blocks, panels)

A

straw clay

22
Q

a bearing wooden structure was filled with clay earth mixed with straw to prevent shrinkage

A

wattle and daub

23
Q

an ancient technique that made use of a very plastic earth to model forms directly without using any kind of mold or frame

A

direct shaping

24
Q

what bind these together?

A

mortar

25
Q

workable paste used to bind stone or brick units together and build masonry elements

A

mortar

26
Q

eliminating the effect of irregularities in the units, MORTAR facilitates their stacking and prevents the concentration of stresses

A

true 😂

27
Q

it is a material used in masonry construction to fill the gaps between the bricks and stone blocks.

A

mortar

28
Q

mortar is a mixture of

A

• sand
• binder such as cement or lime
• water

29
Q

mortar is applied as a

A

paste, which then sets hard 😂

30
Q

ancient mortars

A

• clay and mud
• gypsum mortar
• polymer cement mortar

31
Q

first mortars were made of __ and __, as demonstrated in 10th millenia BCE buildings of Jericho, and 8th millenia in Ganj Dareh

A

clay and mud

32
Q

these didnt perform well in the prescence of water or high humidity

A

• clay and mud

33
Q

earliest known mortar was used by ancient egyptians and was made of

A

gypsum (gypsum mortar)

34
Q

this forms was essentially a mixture of plaster and sand and was quite soft

A

• gypsum mortar

35
Q

gypsum mortar is also known as

A

plaster of paris

36
Q

are the materials which are made by partially replacing the cement hydrate binders of conventional cement with polymers

A

polymer cement mortar

37
Q

polymeric admixtures include

A

• latexes or emulsions
• liquid thermoset resins
• monomers

38
Q

has low permeability that may be detrimental to moisture accumulation when used to repair a traditional brick, block or stone wall

A

polymer mortar

39
Q

it is mainly used for repairing concrete structures

A

polymer mortar

40
Q

stronly influence concrete’s freshly mixed and hardened properties, mixture proportion, and economy

A

aggregates

41
Q

characteristics of aggregates

A

• grading
• durability
• particle shape and surface texture
• abrasion and skid resistance
• unit weights and voids
• absorption and surface moisture

42
Q

it would be problematic to use PORTLAND CEMENT MORTAR to repair older buildings originally constructed using lime mortar

A

true 😂

43
Q

it is softer than cement mortar, allowing brickwork a certain degree of flexibility to adapt to shifting grounds

A

lime mortar

44
Q

harder and allows little flexibility.

A

cement mortar

45
Q

the contrast can cause brickwork to crack where the two mortars ( cement and lime) are present in a single wall

A

true 😂

46
Q

considered breathable in that it will allow moisture to freely move through and evaporate from surface of old buildings

A

lime mortar

47
Q

allows this moisture to escape through evaporation and keeps the wall dry

A

lime mortar

48
Q

__ and __ an old wall with cement mortar stops the evaporation and can cause problems associated with moisture behind cement

A

• re-pointing or rendering

ARSPC2 (14 decks)

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