LESSON 1: HERITAGE AND CONSERVATION INTRODUCTION

Question 1

non-homogenous material made of mortar and stones or bricks

Answer 1

masonry

Question 2

it is a composite material,

Answer 2

masonry

Question 3

structural behavior depends both on the characteristics of single components and on interaction

Answer 3

(masonry) composite material

Question 4

describes an extremely diversified system not only in terms of materials used but also of constructive technique

Answer 4

masonry

Question 5

techniques

Question 6

this has been used since man gave up the nomadic lifestyle of a hunter-gatherer and began to build permanent structures for any of his domestic and cultural needs

Answer 6

stone

Question 7

it is most used for its convenience, endurance, and visual impact

Answer 7

stone

Question 8

stone as building material

Answer 8

• natural occuring
• available in the form of blocks and can be cut in size required
• used it residential
• used in large palaces, temples around the world

Question 9

stone is classified into three main groups based on their origin of formation

Answer 9

• igneous rocks
• sedimentary rocks
• metamorphic rocks

Question 10

natural source of building and decorative stones

Answer 10

rock

Question 11

the solid part of the earth’s crust which is composed of inorganic subtance-materials

Answer 11

rock

Question 12

any piece of rock detached from earth’s crust

Answer 12

stone

Question 13

any natural material derived from rocks

Answer 13

stone

Question 14

the art and craft of building im stoen, clay, brick, concrete blocks with or without the use of mortar

Answer 14

masonry

Question 15

building with poured concrete with or without reinforcements is also

Answer 15

masonry

Question 16

types of rocks

Answer 16

igneous rocks
sedimentary rocks
metamorphic rocks

Question 17

these are rocks that solidified directly from molten silicates, which geologists call magma

Answer 17

igneous rocks

Question 18

these are formed when igneous rocks are eroded as a sediments under the sea or riverbeds. fossils ade often merged in this solified layer

Answer 18

sedimentary rocks

Question 19

these are made up of igneous rocks and sedimentary rocks of all ages which have been subjected to intense pressure and transform into different rock

Answer 19

metamorphic rocks

Question 20

those that solidified directly from molten silicates which geologists call magma

Answer 20

igneous rocks

Question 21

examples of igneous rocks

Answer 21

granites
basalt
pumice and flint (a form of quartz)

Question 22

those formed from eroded igneous rocks deposited as a sediments under the sea or riverbeds merged and solidified often with fossils

Answer 22

sedimentary rocks

Question 23

examples of sedimentary rocks

Answer 23

limestones, chalks and sandstone

Question 24

those are made up of transformed igneous rocks and sedimentary rocks of different age which have been subjected to intense pressure

Answer 24

metamorphic rocks

Question 25

examples of metamorphic rocks

Answer 25

slate, marble and quartzite

Question 26

characteristics of igneous rocks

Answer 26

• do not include any fossil deposits
• include more than one mineral deposit
• can be either glassy or coarse
• usually dont react with acids

Question 27

characteristics of methamorphic rocks

Answer 27

• harder and more compact than original igneous rocks
• most are impermeable- they dont allow water to percolate through them having low porosity and high density
• dont contain fossils as fossils will be destroyed during formation of metamorphic rocks

Question 28

characteristics of sedimentary rocks

Answer 28

• resistant to erosion
• contain fossils of plants and animals
• non-crystalline in nature
• cover over 75% of earth surface
• may be well consolidated, poorly consolidated and elements and rock forming minerals
• most of them are permeable depending on the ratio betwen voids and volume of given rock mass
• characterized by different sizes of joints