LESSON 10: STONE DETERIORATION (FRAGMENTATION)

Question 1

the complete or partial breaking up of a stone, into portions of variable dimensions that are irregular in form, thickness and volume

Answer 1

Fragmentation

Question 2

The substance remains apparently sound on both sides of the detachment. ______, may occasionally affect the entire stone block, and may follow discontinuity planes

Answer 2

Fragmentation

Question 3

Sub-type of Fragmentation

Answer 3

1. Splintering
2. Chipping

Question 4

A sub-type of fragmentation that is defined as detachment of sharp, slender pieces of stone, split or broken off from the main body

Answer 4

splintering

Question 5

A sub-type of fragmentation that is defined as breaking off of pieces, called chips, from edges of a block

Answer 5

Chipping

Question 6

___ may be found when stone blocks are subjected to an overload. Upper parts as well as lower parts of monolithic columns are particularly prone to chipping and splintering (large weight supported by a small area)

Answer 6

Fragmentation

Question 7

Shedding, coming off, or partial detachment of a superficial layer (thickness: sub millimetric to millimetric) having the aspect of a film or coating which has been applied on the stone surface

Answer 7

Peeling

Question 8

Not to be confused by peeling (and vice versa), it is associated with a dome-like morphology. Scaling, which is related to the detachment of stone layers (thickness: millimetric to centimetric)

Answer 8

Blistering

Question 9

Detachment of stone as a scale or a stack of scales, not following any stone structure and detaching like fish scales or parallel to the stone surface. The thickness of a scale is generally of millimetric to centimetric scale, and is negligeable compared to its surface dimension

Answer 9

Scaling

Question 10

The plane of detachment of the scales is located near the stone surface (a fraction of millimeters to several centimeters)

Answer 10

Scaling

Question 11

Sub-types of scaling

Answer 11

1. Flaking
2. Contour scaling

Question 12

Scaling in thin flat or curved scales of sub millimetric to millimetric thickness, organized as fish scales

Answer 12

Flaking

Question 13

Scaling in which the interface with the sound part of the stone is parallel to the stone surface. In the case of flat, surfaces, contour scaling may be called spalling.

Answer 13

Contour scaling

Question 14

Is a synonym of contour scaling

Answer 14

Case hardening