Lesson 3 (prenatal) Flashcards
How many pairs of Chromosomes do we have?
22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes and and 1 pair of sex chromosomes (23 in total)
What is the difference between Meiosis and Mitosis
Meiosis = Cells split and the new cells end up with half the chromosomes the original had
Mitosis =. duplication of cells that are the exact same
What are the two gametes that make a human
ovum (eggs) and sperm
What are pairs of genes called and what do they do
alleles, they determine traits
What is the difference between Homozygous and Heterozygous alleles
Homozygous alleles are a pair of alleles that are identical (rr) and Heterozygous alleles are a pair o alleles that are different (Rr)
What are polygenic traits
A bunch of alleles forming together to form a trait (like skin color)
a trait formed by two or more genes (skin color can be a mix of both parents)
What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype
A persons genotype is their sequence of DNA (genetic material) and a persons phenotype is how they are expressed
What is Trisomy 21
down syndrome
What is Trisomy 13 and 18
genetic disorders that contain birth defects, the baby usually dies at the age of 1 or sooner
What is Klinefelter’s Syndrome
A boy (XY) with an added X chromosome (XXY) that results in them having some female features (breasts, female pubic hair pattern, poor beard growth)
What is Turners Syndrome
When a female (usually XX) is missing an X chromosome (XO)
This results in her being shorter, having a wide neck, broad shoulders, widely spaced nipples, etc)
What is Phenylketonuria
An autosomal disorder that causes a buildup of an amino acid (phenylalanine)
it can’t metabolize it
What is Sickle-Cell Disease
An autosomal disorder where red blood cells become hard and sticky and eventually die sooner than usual which results in a shortage of them
What is Tay-Sachs Disease
A genetic disease where fatty substances build-up in the nervous system that can lead to death
What is Cystic Fibrosis
a disease where mucus clogs in the pancreas and lungs
What are the 4 Recessive gene disorders
Phenylketonuria
Sickle-cell disease
Tay-saches disease
Cystic fibrosis
What is the 1 Dominant gene disorder and what does it do
Huntington’s disease = an inherited disease (either from mom or dad) that causes the break down (degeneration) of nerve cells in the brain
makes you loose control in your movements
