Lesson 1 Flashcards
What did we believe about the state we are born in the 4th Century
Original Sin (we are born evil and need discipline to become good)
- Augustine of Hippo
What did we believe about the state we are born in, in the 17th Century
Blank Slate (we are born a ‘blank slate” neither good or bad, and as we age we form a personality/through training
- John Locke
What did we believe about the state we are born in, in the 18th Century
Innate Goodness (we are born good, and parents just need to help us develop and maintain the good by nurturing us)
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau
What did parents start to do in the 19th-20th Century (industrial revolution) and who initiated it
Baby Biographies (they started to document/write about their babies)
Charles Darwin
During the industrial revolution (19/20th century), what were the purpose of questionnaires and who initiated them (2 ppl)
the purpose of questionnaires was too try and create norms (figure out what the norms were)
initiated by Stanley Hall and Alfred Binet
What did Jean Piaget do with his children during the industrial revolution
he kept a diary and documented his 3 children, and then came up with strategies of development
What is the Lifespan Perspective of Human Development
that humans change in response to their environment through their lifespan, and that we stop developing after childhood
(later realized that we are always developing)
What were the 3 domains of development
PHYSICAL - Body’s makeup (height, weight, hormones, senses)
COGNITIVE - memory, learning, problem solving, intelligence
SOCIO-EMOTIONAL - Interaction w society, developing our personalty, relationships, etc.
these 3 all rely on each other (not independent)
What is the ‘Interactionalist Model”
a model that describes the “balance” between nature and nurture
there is a balance between the two, sometimes one more than the other
What is the difference between Continuous and Discontinuous human development
Continuous is development that gradually changes, like humans (quantitative)
Discontinuous happens through stages and is not gradual, like caterpillars turning into butterflies (qualitative)
What is the difference between a Critical Period and a Sensitive Period
Critical Period - a period where you only have a certain time to develop a skill and if you miss the period, then the chance to gain that skill is lost forever
Sensitive Period - a period where we are more sensitive to develop a skill eg.language is best learnt in childhood, you can still learn it in adulthood but it is difficult
What are the 3 factors in studying development
Describing - mot explaining but just describing what you see
Explaining/Predicting - explaining “why” and making predictions based on what you’ve observed
Influence - what we learn and predict, will influence what we do
What are the 3 descriptive methods
Case Studies, Naturalistic Observation, Surveys
What are Cross-Sectional Designs
studying groups of different ages and comparing them, doesn’t show consistency
What are Longitudinal Designs
following the same people for a while and documenting their changes (not cross-sectional)
What are three disadvantages of Longitudinal Designs
Time (following a child for months)
Attrition Bias (participants drop out of the study)
Practice Effects( (participants who participate in the same studies get used to it which changes results)
What are Sequential Designs
A combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs
What are Cross-cultural designs
studying how culture plays a role in development
What are the 4 research ethics points
Respect for the individual
Respect for care
Integrity in relationship
Responsibility to society
What are the 3 factors for the research ethic point “Respect for the Individual”
Protection from harm
Informed Consent
Knowledge of results
what is the 1 factor for the ethic point “respect for care”
Risk/Benefit analysis
What is the 3 factors for the ethic point “integrity in relationship”
Confidentiality
Lack of bias
deception
What is the one factor for the ethic point “Responsibility to society”
Beneficial research
