Lesson 2 Flashcards
What does Ethology have to do with an evolutionary and biological perspective on development
the idea that behaviour is evolved through natural selection, that increases chances of survival
What is a common example of a biological and evolutionary perspective of development
babies being genetically programmed to cry because it increases their chances of survival (parents attending to their needs)
What does Freuds Psychosexual theory focus on
that the unconscious force determines personality and behaviour (id, ego, superego)
what are Freuds Psychosexual Stages of Development
Oral
Anal
phallic
Latency
Genital
What is Fixation (freud)
When you are stuck on one of Freuds Psychosexual Stages
What is the difference between Id, Ego, and Superego
Id = what we are born with, instinctual part of the mind that contains sexual and aggressive drives
Superego = A moral conscious (what’s accepted in society/what’s right)
Ego = mediates between the Id and Superego to make a reasonable decision
What did Erikson believe in contrast to Freud
didn’t think we are driven by sexual drives but by social drives and what society expects of us
What is the Humanistic Perspective of Development
the idea that we need to be educated or else we turn into savages, and that we are born good and need to maintain it
What did Maslow believe in about development (Humanistic Perspective)
Believed in Self-Improvement and “Innate Goodness” (we are born with a natural drive to be the best version of ourselves)
conditional and unconditional positive regard
What is Conditional and Unconditional Positive Regard
Conditional Positive Regard: giving someone love/self esteem/support only if that person meets certain conditions
Unconditional Positive Regard is loving and supporting the person regardless
What its Conditional Negative Regard
Conditional Negative Regard: giving less attention and affection when the child doesn’t behave the way you want
What did Rogers believe about development (humanistic perspective)
what we naturally have a tendency to want the approval of others to have self worth
Explain Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning
We are born with a blank slate (not born good or bad) and need a stimulant
(Dog dinging example)
- when a dog hears a bell for the first time it doesn’t mean anything, but then after you place his food in front of him
- if you keep doing it, every time it hears the “ding” it’ll be excited for food even before it arrives
What are Skinners 3 factors of Operant Conditioning
Reinforcement
- positive: adds pleasant stimulus
- negative: takes away unpleasant stimulus
Punishment
- positive: adds unpleasant stimulus
- negative: takes away pleasant stimulus
Extinction
