Lesson 3: Grammar Review

Question 1

Give the five vowel letters and their long sounds in Latin.

Answer 1

a, e, i, o, u

/ah/ /ay/ /ee/ /oh/ ōō/

Question 2

Give two Latin words that have the long sound of the five vowels.

Answer 2

glória Jesu

Question 3

Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc are hard before

Answer 3

a, o, u, consonants

Question 4

Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc are soft before

Answer 4

e, i, ae, oe

Question 5

In Latin and English, hard c has the sound of

Answer 5

/k/

Question 6

Soft c has the sound of ___ in English and ___ in Latin.

Answer 6

/s/; /ch/

Question 7

In Latin, gn is pronounced like ___. Give two examples.

Answer 7

/ny/; pugno (I fight), magnus (large)

Question 8

Give the names, from left to right, of the last three syllables of a Latin word.

Answer 8

antepenult; penult; ultima

Question 9

The accent is on the ___ unless the ___ is marked.

Answer 9

penult; antepenult

Question 10

Verb familes are called ___, and noun families are called ___.

Answer 10

conjugations; declensions

Question 11

How many declensions are there? Name them.

Answer 11

five; 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th

Question 12

Give the four attributes of nouns.

Answer 12

declension, gender, number, and case

Question 13

The three genders are ___.

Answer 13

masculine, feminine, neuter

Question 14

Nouns that name male or female persons or animals have ___ gender. Give three English examples.

Answer 14

natural; sister, brother, father, queen, king, uncle, etc.

Question 15

Nouns that name non-living things have ___ gender.

Answer 15

grammatical

Question 16

To what does the case of a noun refer?

Answer 16

the job (function) of a noun in a sentence

Question 17

Name the cases in order.

Answer 17

nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative

Question 18

What is the subject case?

Answer 18

nominative

Question 19

What is the direct object case?

Answer 19

accusative

Question 20

What is the indirect object case?

Answer 20

dative

Question 21

What is the possessive case?

Answer 21

genitive

Question 22

What is the in/by/with/from case?

Answer 22

ablative

Question 23

What is the to/for case?

Answer 23

dative

Question 24

What is the of case?

Answer 24

genitive

Question 25

The genitive singular of a 1st-declension noun always ends in \_\_\_.

Answer 25

-**ae**

Question 26

1st-declension nouns are usually what gender?

Answer 26

feminine

Question 27

Three exceptions to the 1st-declension gender rule are \_\_\_.

Answer 27

**agricola, nauta, poeta**

Question 28

Latin does not have the English articles \_\_\_.

Answer 28

a, an, the

Question 29

Give three translations for the Latin noun **mensa**.

Answer 29

table, a table, the table

Question 30

The genitive singular of a 2nd-declension noun always ends in \_\_\_.

Answer 30

**-i**

Question 31

2nd-declension **-us** nouns are usually ___ in gender.

Answer 31

masculine

Question 32

Name the two subgroups of the 2nd declension, and give their gender.

Answer 32

1. **-us** nouns with masculine gender 2. **-um** nouns with neuter gender

Question 33

Verbs have ___ endings and nouns have ___ endings.

Answer 33

personal, tense; case

Question 34

2nd-declension **-um** nouns are always ___ in gender.

Answer 34

neuter

Question 35

The natural gender rule ___ all other gender rules.

Answer 35

trumps

Question 36

What is the *neuter* rule?

Answer 36

nominative and accusative endings are the same nominative and accusative plural ending is **-a**

Question 37

The declension a noun belongs to is determend by the ___ ending.

Answer 37

genitive singular

Question 38

The subject and verb must agree in \_\_\_.

Answer 38

person and number

Question 39

What does an adjective do?

Answer 39

An adjective modifies or describes a noun or pronoun.

Question 40

In Latin an adjective must agree with its noun in \_\_\_, \_\_\_, and \_\_\_, but not \_\_\_.

Answer 40

gender, number, case; declension

Question 41

Usually an adjective of ___ precedes a noun, and an adjective of ___ follows a noun.

Answer 41

quantity or size; quality

Question 42

Counting numbers are called ___ numbers.

Answer 42

cardinal

Question 43

Numbers which indicate the order of things in a series are called ___ numbers.

Answer 43

ordinal

Question 44

What is *Sentence Pattern #3*?

Answer 44

Subject + Linking verb + Predicate Adjective

Question 45

What is *Sentence Pattern #4*?

Answer 45

Subject + Linking verb + Predicate Nominative

Question 46

Give the three nominative singular endings for 2nd-declension masculine nouns.

Answer 46

**-us, -er, -ir**

Question 47

2nd declension **-er** nouns either ___ or ___ the **e** in the stem.

Answer 47

drop; retain

Question 48

Some nouns have only plural forms. An example is \_\_\_.

Answer 48

**liberi liberorum**

Question 49

Four confusing words with the root of liber are \_\_\_.

Answer 49

**liberi liberorum** (children) **liber libri** (book) **liber libera liberum** (free) **libero (1)** (to set free)