Lesson 3 DNA

Question 1

Center Dogma

Answer 1

The basic mechanism of reading and expressing genes is from DNA to RNA to protein

Question 2

What is the mechanism of Central Dogma led by?

Answer 2

DNA codes for RNA - this guides the synthesis of proteins

Question 3

RNA

Answer 3

Ribonucleic acid; guides protein synthesis

Question 4

What does RNA contain

Answer 4

Contains sugar ribose and made of nucleotides
A=U
G=C

Question 5

What happens to RNA before transitioning into mRNA

Answer 5

The base uracil replaces thymine functions

Question 6

What does mRNA stand for

Answer 6

Messenger RNA

Question 7

What does mRNA do?

Answer 7

Carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm

Question 8

What does tRNA stand for

Answer 8

Transfer RNA

Question 9

What does tRNA do?

Answer 9

Transports amino acids to the ribosome

Question 10

What does rRNA stand for?

Answer 10

Ribosomal RNA

Question 11

What does rRNA do?

Answer 11

Acts as an enzyme during translation

Question 12

What does the structure of nucleotide look like?

Answer 12

Phosphate Base
(Circle) (Rectangle)
Sugar
(Hexagon)

Question 13

What is transcription

Answer 13

The information added in cells DNA instructs the cell to make messenger RNA molecule from parts of DNA

Question 14

How does Transcription work?

Answer 14

1) mRNA is transcribed from a DNA template by RNA polymerase
2) RNA processing
3) mRNA leaves the nucleus and associates with the ribosomal subunits

Question 15

What is RNA processing

Answer 15

Introns are cut out and the mRNA is processed

Question 16

What are extrons

Answer 16

Part of your DNA that code for the mRNA

Question 17

What are introns

Answer 17

Part of your DNA that DO NOT become mRNA

Question 18

How do introns and exons relate to DNA

Answer 18

Introns are noncoding sections of an RNA transcript, or the DNA encoding it, that are spliced out before the RNA molecule is translated into a protein.

Exons code for the proteins