Lesson 3- Carbohydrates (CHO)

Question 1

Function

Answer 1

provide short term and long term energy storage for living organisms, structural support, and used for cell communications.

Question 2

Structure

Answer 2

simple sugar molecules contain a hydrocarbon chain, hydroxyl groups and a carbonyl group (a or k).

Question 3

Monosaccharides

Answer 3

One simple sugar molecule with five or more carbons, used as a quick source of energy. (i.e. glucose, fructose, and galactose). Linear but will form a ring when dissolved.

Question 4

Glucose

Answer 4

C6H12O6

Question 5

Galactose

Answer 5

Stereoisomer of glucose

Question 6

Fructose

Answer 6

Structural isomer of glucose

Question 7

Isomer

Answer 7

Alpha or Beta. Same chemical formula but different formation.

Question 8

Stereoisomer

Answer 8

D or L. Same chemical formula but mirrored images.

Question 9

Ribose

Answer 9

C5H10O5

Question 10

Disaccharides

Answer 10

Two sugar moleules formed by condensation reactions between simple sugar moleulces through Glycosidic linkage (i.e. maltose and sucrose).

Question 11

Maltose

Answer 11

formed between two a-D glucose molecules 1-4 glycosidic linkage.

Question 12

Sucrose

Answer 12

formed between a a-D glucose and a a-D fructose molecule 1-2 glycosidic linkage.

Question 13

Olgiosaccharides

Answer 13

made up of 3-9 sugar molecules found in plasma membrane for cell communcation.

Question 14

Polysaccharides

Answer 14

many simple sugar molecules, used in plants and animals for long term energy storage and structural support (i.e. glycogen, starth, cellulose, and chitin).

Question 15

Glycogen

Answer 15

used by animals for energy storage in muscle and liver cells, formed from a-D glucose molecules, branced, main chain is 1-4 glycosidic linkages, and branches is 1-6 glycosidic linkages.

Question 16

Startch

Answer 16

used by plants for energy storage, formed from a-D glucose molecules, amylose (straight 1-4 glycosidic linkages) and amylopectin (branched 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic linkages).

Question 17

Cellulose

Answer 17

plant cell wall, linear, consists of B 1-4 glycosidic linkages, long chains held together by hydrogen bonding.

Question 18

Chitin

Answer 18

fungi cell wall, formed form linked N-acetyglucosamine molecules, B linkages cellulose with N-acetyl group on 2nd carbon, increased H-bond resulting in stronger molecule.