Lesson 2- Hydrocarbons, Functional Groups, Condensation Reactions, and Hydrolysis Reactions

Question 1

Carbon

Answer 1

All life on earth is carbon-based because of its variation forming 4 covalent bonds with either straight or branched chains, or ringed molecules.

Question 2

Biologically Important Macromolecules

Answer 2

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids

Question 3

Hydrocarbons

Answer 3

Non-Polar, contain only H and C, and can be saturated or unsaturated.

Question 4

Functional Groups

Answer 4

A reactive cluster of atoms attached to the carbon backbone of organic molecules. Usually ionic or strongly polar and act as reactive handles. Help determine polarity, solvents, and attracted molecules.

Question 5

Hydroxyl- OH

Answer 5

Polar, found in carbohydrates.

 O R        H

Question 6

Carbonyl- CO

Answer 6

Polar, found in lipids.

R
C=O
R

Question 7

Carboxyl- COOH

Answer 7

Found in organic acids, releases H+, found in proteins.

     O
     II
     C R                OH

Question 8

Amino- NH2

Answer 8

Found in bases, accepts the H+, found in proteins.

        H R    N
        H

Question 9

Phosphate- PO4

Answer 9

Found in acids, releases H+, found in DNA/ATP.

              OH
    O
            P
                  OH
R     O

Question 10

Condensation Reaction

Answer 10

Two functional groups come together, one group loses J and the other loses H and O, a covalent bond is formed and water is given off. All four BIM are formed with this anabolic reaction.

Question 11

Hydrolysis Reaction

Answer 11

Water is used to break the covalent bond between functional groups seperating two subunit with water. One functional groups takes H and the other takes H and O. All four BIM are broken down with this catabolic reaction.

Question 12

C and H Reactions

Answer 12

Opposite reactions but both require enzymes.

Question 13

Oxygen

Answer 13

Helps establish polarity and can act as a reducing (losing electrons) or oxidizing agent (gaining electrons).