Lesson 3 and 4 Exam 2 Crainial Muscles, Muscles of Facial Expression, Muscles of Mouth and Anterior Cheek; Facial Markings Flashcards
effect topographical surface form
muscle bulk and contour
leaves markings (wrinkles) on face
continual muscle contraction
point of muscle attachment which moves least
origin
point of muscle attachment which moves the most
insertion
draws the scalp posteriorly and anteriorly
occipitalofrontalis muscle
when contracted raises eyebrows
occipitalofrontalis muscle
continuous contractions form transverse frontal sulci
occipitalofrontalis muscle
muscles of mastication
temporalis, masseter
muscle of mastication which helps to close the mandible (strongest chewing muscle); closes mandible and some side to side movement
temporalis muscle
temporalis effect on surface form
provides some bulk to temporal cavity
muscles that mastication which close the mandible
masseter muscle
masseter effect on surface form
provides some bulk to side of cheek
muslces of eye
orbicularis oculi, corrugator, levator palpebrae superioris
closes eyelid; compresses lacrimcal sacs
orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oculi effect on surface from
optic facial sulci
(crows feet) furrows radiating from the lateral corner of eye; aquired facial marking
optic facial sulci
“frowning muscle”; pyramid shaped muscle of facial expression which draws eyebrows inferiorly and medially
corrugator
corrugator effect on surface form
vertical intercialiary sulci
furrows between eyebrows; acquired facial markings
vertical interciliary sulci
raises upper eyelid
levator palpebrae superioris
levator palpebrae superioris
palpebral fold
along inferior margin of upper eyelid
superior tarsus
along superior margin of lower eyelid
inferior tarsus
draws skin of forehead inferiorly; draws skin downward
procerus
procerus effect on surface form
transverse interciliary sulci
muscles of mouth
orbicularis oris; zygomaticus major; buccinator; triangularis
center of expression
mouth
“puckering muscle”; closes and puckers lips; compresses lips against teeth and shapes lips during speech
orbicularis oris
orbicularis oris effect on surface form
philtrum
vertical groove located medially on the superior lip; natural facial marking
philtrum
muscles converging at corners of mouth
zygomaticus major; buccinat”or; triangularis
“laughing muscle”; corners of mouth is raised when contracted; draw the superior lip posteriorly, superiorly, and anteriorly
zygomaticus major
zygomaticus major effect on surface form
angulus oris eminence
small convex prominence found lateral to the end of the line of closure of the mouth; natural facial marking
angulus oris eminence
“trumpeters muscle”; compresses the cheeks and forms the lateral wall of mouth; helps form angulus oris eminence, buccofacial sulcus, forms lateral wall of cheek
buccinator
buccinator effect on surface form
angulus oris eminence
depresses corners of mouth; depresses angle of mouth
triangularis; depressor anguli oris
triangularis effect on surface form
angulus oris eminence
muscles of mouth and anterior cheek
quadratus labii superioris, levatgor anguli oris, risorius, depressor labii inferioris, mentalis
muscles of quadratus labii superioris
levator labii superioris alaque nasi, levator labii superioris, zygomaticus minor
raises upper lip and dilates nostrils
levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
elevates and extends upper lip
levator labii minor
draws superior lip superiorly and anteriorly; other text says superiorly and laterally
zygomaticus minor
group of muscles serves to raise the upper lip (to sneer)
quadraticus labii superioris
quadraticus labii superioris effect on surface form
nasolabial sulcus
furrow lying medial and adjacent to the nasolabial fold; acquired facial marking
nasolabial sulcus
elevates and extends upper lip
levator anguli oris
levator anguli oris effect on surface form
nasolabial fold
anterior fold of cheek which descends laterally along the upper lip from the wing of the nose ; natural facial marking
nasolabial fold
“false smiling muscle”; retracts angle of mouth; pulls the angle of mouth laterally
risorius
depresses lower lip; draws lower lip inferiorly and slightly lateral
depressor labii inferioris
moves chin superiorly; wrnkles the skin over chin
mentalis
mentalis effect on surface form
mental eminence
triangular projection on the inferior portion of anterior mandible
mental eminence
muscles of neck
platysma, sternocleidomastoid, digastricus
depresses mandible and lower jaw;
platysma
platysma effect on surface form
buccofacial sulcus, mandibular sulcus, serrated jawline, platysma sulci
vertical furrow of the cheek
buccofacial sulcus
furrow beneath the jawline which rises vertically on the cheek
mandibular sulcus
transverse, dipping furrow of neck
platysma sulci
lowers head
sternocleidomastoid
sternocleidomastoid effect on surface form
widest part of neck
helps manipulate tongue
digastricus
digastricus effects on surface form
cords of neck
character lines, wrinkles, grooves, cords, of the neck and dimples of the face
facial markings
factors responsible for facial markings
age and heredity, environment, muscle striation and action
position of body/conditions of body
rapid loss of weight, pathological conditions, corpulence, trauma
(wrinkles); crevice in skin accompanied by adjacent elevations
furrow
elonged depression in a relatively level plane/surface
groove
furrow; wrinkle; goove
sulcus
prominence/projection of bone
eminence
elongated prominence adjoining a surface
fold
shallow depressions loacted on cheek/chin in a rounded/vertical form; natural facial marking
dimple
hollow/shallow concave area in a surface
depression
those present at birth
natural facial markings
natural facial markings:
oblique papebral sulcus, nasi sulcus, nasolabial fold, philtrium, angulus oris eminence, angulus oris sulcus, labiomental sulcus, dimples, submental sulcus
markings developed throught a lifetime
acquired facial markings
acquired facial markings:
transverse frontal sulci, interciliary sulci, superior palpebral sulcus, optic facial sulci, inferiror palpebral sulcus, nasolabial sulcus, bucco facial sulcus, mandibular sulcus, vertical ines, platysmal sulci, chords of neck
neither natural nor acquired facial markings which occur on both sides of the face are truly symmetrical
asymmetrical facial markings
linear outline of nasolabial fold
curved, straight, sinuous
elevation formed by combined insertions of
zygomatic muscles, buccinator muscle, triangularis muscle
caused by continual contraction of the multiheaded quadratus labii superioris muscle
nasolabial sulcus
vary in depth, curvature, and inclination; caused by continual contraction of occipitofrontalis muscle
transverse frontal sulci
caused by continual contraction of corrugator muscle
vertical interciliary sulci
caused by continual contraction of procerus muscle
transverse interciliary sulci
caused by continual contraction of orbicularis oculi muscle; usually first acquired facial markings to appear
optic facial sulci
may be obscured by sagging of superficial tissues of supraorbital area if there is a combination of loss of fatty tissue, loss of muscle tone, loss of tissue elasity
superior palpebral sulcus
contribute to the form of buccofacial sulcus
loss of adipose, loss of muscle tone, loss of tissue elasticity
