Lesson 3

Question 1

How many valence electrons to carbon atoms have ?

Answer 1

4

Question 2

Where is carbon found ?

Answer 2

In all living things

Question 3

What is Alkane?

Answer 3

Single bond

Question 4

What is Alkene ?

Answer 4

Double bond

Question 5

What is alkyne

Answer 5

Triple bond

Question 6

What elements can carbon bond with ?

Answer 6

Hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur, and nitrogen

Question 7

When does carbon form chains unlimited in length ?

Answer 7

When one carbon atom bonds to another

Question 8

What are macromolecules ?

Answer 8

Giant molecules. Made from smaller molecules

Question 9

What happens in the process of polymerization ?

Answer 9

The monomers join the polymers and form macromolecules.

Question 10

What are the four major groups of macromolecules found in living things ?

Answer 10

Lipids, carbohydrates, nucleus acids, proteins

Question 11

What are carbohydrates made up of ?

Answer 11

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 12

What is the ratio for carbohydrates ?

Answer 12

1:2:1

Question 13

What do living things use as their main source of energy ?

Answer 13

Carbohydrates

Question 14

What supplies immediate energy for cell activities ?

Answer 14

Break down of sugars (glucose)

Question 15

What are starches ?

Answer 15

Extra sugars as complex carbohydrates

Question 16

What are monosaccharides ?

Answer 16

Single sugar molecules

Question 17

What is a disaccharide ?

Answer 17

Compound made by joining 2 simple sugars together (sucrose)

Question 18

What are polysaccharides ?

Answer 18

Large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides.

Question 19

What is another name for glycogen ?

Answer 19

Animal starch

Question 20

What is excess sugar in polysaccharides ?

Answer 20

Glycogen

Question 21

What kind of polysaccharide do plants use ?

Answer 21

Starch

Question 22

Why do plants use starch ?

Answer 22

To store excess sugar

Question 23

What are lipids made from ?

Answer 23

Carbon and hydrogen

Question 24

What are the common categories of lipids ?

Answer 24

Fats, oils, waxes

Question 25

What can lipids be used for ?

Answer 25

To store energy

Question 26

When are lipids formed ?

Answer 26

When a glycerol molecule combines with compounds called fatty acids

Question 27

When is a lipid considered saturated ?

Answer 27

If each carbon atom in a lipids fatty acid chain is is joined to another carbon atom by a single bond

Question 28

When is a fatty acid unsaturated ?

Answer 28

When there is at least one carbon-carbon double bond in a fatty acid

Question 29

Lipids whose fatty acids contain more than one double bond ?

Answer 29

Polyunsaturated

Question 30

Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorous

Answer 30

Nucleic acid

Question 31

What are the three parts of a nucleotide ?

Answer 31

1. 5 carbon sugar
2. Phosphate group
   3 nitrogenous base

Question 32

What is one important role of nucleotides ?

Answer 32

Capturing and transferring chemical energy

Question 33

What is formed when individual nucleotides are joined by covalent bonds ?

Answer 33

Polynucleotide, nucleic acid

Question 34

What do nucleic acids do ?

Answer 34

Store and transmit heredity, or genetic information

Question 35

What are the two kinds of nucleic acids ?

Answer 35

Ribonucleic (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic (DNA)

Question 36

Macromolecules that contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Answer 36

Proteins

Question 37

Compound with amino group on one end and carboxyl group on the other end.

Answer 37

Amino acids

Question 38

What do proteins control ?

Answer 38

Rate of reactions and regulate cell processes.

Question 39

Covalent bonds called peptide bonds link amino acids to form what ?

Answer 39

Polypeptide