Lesson 3 Flashcards
How many valence electrons to carbon atoms have ?
4
Where is carbon found ?
In all living things
What is Alkane?
Single bond
What is Alkene ?
Double bond
What is alkyne
Triple bond
What elements can carbon bond with ?
Hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur, and nitrogen
When does carbon form chains unlimited in length ?
When one carbon atom bonds to another
What are macromolecules ?
Giant molecules. Made from smaller molecules
What happens in the process of polymerization ?
The monomers join the polymers and form macromolecules.
What are the four major groups of macromolecules found in living things ?
Lipids, carbohydrates, nucleus acids, proteins
What are carbohydrates made up of ?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What is the ratio for carbohydrates ?
1:2:1
What do living things use as their main source of energy ?
Carbohydrates
What supplies immediate energy for cell activities ?
Break down of sugars (glucose)
What are starches ?
Extra sugars as complex carbohydrates
What are monosaccharides ?
Single sugar molecules
What is a disaccharide ?
Compound made by joining 2 simple sugars together (sucrose)
What are polysaccharides ?
Large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides.
What is another name for glycogen ?
Animal starch
What is excess sugar in polysaccharides ?
Glycogen
What kind of polysaccharide do plants use ?
Starch
Why do plants use starch ?
To store excess sugar
What are lipids made from ?
Carbon and hydrogen
What are the common categories of lipids ?
Fats, oils, waxes
What can lipids be used for ?
To store energy
When are lipids formed ?
When a glycerol molecule combines with compounds called fatty acids
When is a lipid considered saturated ?
If each carbon atom in a lipids fatty acid chain is is joined to another carbon atom by a single bond
When is a fatty acid unsaturated ?
When there is at least one carbon-carbon double bond in a fatty acid
Lipids whose fatty acids contain more than one double bond ?
Polyunsaturated
Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorous
Nucleic acid
What are the three parts of a nucleotide ?
- 5 carbon sugar
- Phosphate group
3 nitrogenous base
What is one important role of nucleotides ?
Capturing and transferring chemical energy
What is formed when individual nucleotides are joined by covalent bonds ?
Polynucleotide, nucleic acid
What do nucleic acids do ?
Store and transmit heredity, or genetic information
What are the two kinds of nucleic acids ?
Ribonucleic (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic (DNA)
Macromolecules that contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Proteins
Compound with amino group on one end and carboxyl group on the other end.
Amino acids
What do proteins control ?
Rate of reactions and regulate cell processes.
Covalent bonds called peptide bonds link amino acids to form what ?
Polypeptide
